Prognostic factors of spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Univariate analysis of risk factors related to spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma

Variables	Patients (n = 79)	P value
Age (yr)	55.8 ± 12.6	< 0.001
Lesion length (cm)	7.7 ± 3.5	< 0.001
Number (1/2-3/≥ 5)	39/10/30	< 0.001
Location (left lobe/right lobe)	34/45	0.934
Cirrhosis (absence/presence)	30/49	< 0.001
Virus (None/HBV/HCV)	20/57/2	0.150
BCLC stage (A/B/C)	10/47/22	< 0.001
Treatment before rupture (absence/presence)	53/26	< 0.001
Treatment at rupture (conservative/TAE/surgery)	30/32/17	0.086
Treatment in the follow-up period (absence/presence)	60/19	< 0.001
WBC, × 109/L	12.4 ± 5.4	< 0.001
HB, g/L	106.2 ± 25.6	< 0.001
PLT, × 1010/L	171 ± 84.4	< 0.001
INR	1.3 ± 0.3	< 0.001
APTT, S	38.4 ± 7.2	< 0.001
ALT, U/L	127 ± 186.9	< 0.001
ALB, g/L	30.8 ± 7.3	< 0.001
TBil, umol/L	28.3 ± 20.9	< 0.001
HCO3-, mmol/L	23.3 ± 5.6	< 0.001
Crea, umol/L	95.7 ± 50.1	< 0.001
Child-Pugh	7.9 ± 1.8	< 0.001

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; TAE: Transarterial embolization; WBC: White blood cell count; HB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet count; INR: International normalized ratio; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; ALT: Alanine transaminase; ALB: Albumin; TBil: Total bilirubin; HCO₃^-: Bicarbonate; Crea: Creatinine.