Increased liver markers are associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes

Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios for the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose according to quartile groups of liver markers

	Men				Women
	ALT	AST	AST/ALT	GGT	ALT	AST	AST/ALT	GGT
Model 1
Q1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Q2	1.29 (0.942-1.754)	1.40 (1.030-1.889)	0.65 (0.487-0.855)	1.46 (1.066-1.998)	1.50 (1.117-2.022)	1.15 (0.863-1.540)	0.63 (0.496-0.805)	2.05 (1.452-2.902)
Q3	1.69 (1.269-2.246)	1.57 (1.171-2.095)	0.46 (0.342-0.612)	2.54 (1.907-3.393)	1.98 (1.474-2.658)	1.09 (0.785-1.502)	0.37 (0.285-0.475)	3.74 (2.606-5.355)
Q4	2.76 (2.026-3.750)	2.08 (1.532-2.815)	0.39 (0.283-0.547)	3.63 (2.721-4.852)	3.24 (2.397-4.369)	1.70 (1.265-2.274)	0.32 (0.248-0.423)	5.56 (3.970-7.780)
P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Model 2
Q1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Q2	1.07 (0.738-1.546)	1.29 (0.905-1.849)	0.77 (0.550-1.077)	1.27 (0.871-1.843)	1.27 (0.904-1.789)	1.04 (0.749-1.444)	0.72 (0.556-0.936)	1.98 (1.333-2.946)
Q3	1.07 (0.752-1.513)	1.33 (0.924-1.906)	0.63 (0.446-0.890)	1.97 (1.362-2.856)	1.53 (1.081-2.151)	0.92 (0.642-1.323)	0.48 (0.360-0.642)	2.97 (1.974-4.469)
Q4	1.69 (1.172-2.447)	1.46 (1.009-2.111)	0.70 (0.464-1.055)	2.32 (1.608-3.356)	2.00 (1.422-2.823)	1.34 (0.980-1.838)	0.49 (0.365-0.667)	4.00 (2.720-5.874)
P for trend	0.005	0.053	0.042	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.094	< 0.001	< 0.001

Model 1: adjusted for age; Model 2: adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, regular physical activity, education level, income level, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia; ALT quartile (IU/L): 15, 21, and 29 IU/L in men and 12, 15, and 20 IU/L in women; AST quartile (IU/L): 19, 22, and 26 IU/L in men and 16, 19, and 23 IU/L in women; AST/ALT quartile: 0.8, 1.1, and 1.3 in men and 1.1, 1.3, and 1.5 in women; GGT quartile (IU/L): 21, 29, and 47 IU/L in men and 13, 17, and 23 IU/L in women. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase.