Increased liver markers are associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes

Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios for the prevalence of type 2 diabetes according to quartile groups of liver markers

	Men				Women
	ALT	AST	AST/ALT	GGT	ALT	AST	AST/ALT	GGT
Model 1
Q1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Q2	1.04 (0.708-1.515)	0.62 (0.429-0.891)	0.58 (0.416-0.812)	1.81 (1.195-2.748)	1.54 (0.975-2.429)	1.16 (0.811-1.670)	0.44 (0.338-0.569)	0.84 (0.537-1.319)
Q3	1.61 (1.105-2.343)	0.75 (0.525-1.068)	0.37 (0.256-0.519)	2.07 (1.406-3.051)	2.74 (1.723-4.351)	0.78 (0.527-1.141)	0.16 (0.112-0.233)	1.68 (1.102-2.559)
Q4	2.63 (1.820-3.797)	1.16 (0.824-1.617)	0.24 (0.162-0.351)	3.47 (2.372-5.074)	5.31 (3.528-7.991)	1.27 (0.884-1.816)	0.17 (0.118-0.242)	3.99 (2.766-5.744)
P for trend	< 0.001	0.256	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.396	< 0.001	< 0.001
Model 2
Q1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Q2	1.07 (0.698-1.652)	0.55 (0.366-0.836)	0.67 (0.447-0.998)	1.61 (1.015-2.538)	1.27 (0.777-2.077)	1.08 (0.741-1.577)	0.51 (0.377-0.695)	0.69 (0.426-1.116)
Q3	1.43 (0.899-2.274)	0.74 (0.484-1.119)	0.42 (0.270-0.640)	2.03 (1.312-3.151)	1.90 (1.158-3.120)	0.70 (0.449-1.092)	0.23 (0.154-0.357)	1.11 (0.686-1.801)
Q4	2.22 (1.381-3.559)	0.96 (0.640-1.432)	0.30 (0.185-0.483)	3.05 (1.913-4.877)	3.16 (1.990-5.026)	1.06 (0.714-1.571)	0.28 (0.188-0.429)	2.23(1.459-3.397)
P for trend	< 0.001	0.681	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.926	< 0.001	< 0.001

Model 1: adjusted for age; Model 2: adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, regular physical activity, education level, income level, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia; ALT quartile (IU/L): 15, 21, and 29 IU/L in men and 12, 15, and 20 IU/L in women; AST quartile (IU/L): 19, 22, and 26 IU/L in men and 16, 19, and 23 IU/L in women; AST/ALT quartile: 0.8, 1.1, and 1.3 in men and 1.1, 1.3, and 1.5 in women; GGT quartile (IU/L): 21, 29, and 47 IU/L in men and 13, 17, and 23 IU/L in women. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase.