Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Table 9 Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (mean ± SD)

Parameter	Reflux	Controls	P value1
Systolic BP (mmHg)
24 h	125.65 ± 14.47	116.17 ± 8.73	< 0.001
Awake	127.80 ± 13.57	118.79 ± 9.02	< 0.001
Sleep	117.11 ± 17.03	105.64 ± 11.83	0.001
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
24 h	74.80 ± 7.92	72.36 ± 6.21	0.138
Awake	76.65 ± 7.49	74.46 ± 6.23	0.178
Sleep	68.58 ± 9.51	64.64 ± 7.04	0.046
Standard deviation of BP
Awake systolic BP	14.52 ± 4.04	12.29 ± 3.15	0.008
Awake diastolic BP	11.12 ± 3.65	9.25 ± 1.95	0.002
Sleep systolic BP	13.14 ± 5.38	9.29 ± 4.41	0.002
Sleep diastolic BP	10.21 ± 2.53	8.41 ± 3.34	0.031
Pulse pressure
24 h	50.72 ± 9.52	43.72 ± 5.20	< 0.001
Awake	51.14 ± 9.26	44.51 ± 5.55	< 0.001
Sleep	48.57 ± 10.77	40.95 ± 7.59	0.001

¹t-test. BP: Blood pressure.