Prevalence, significance and predictive value of antiphospholipid antibodies in Crohn’s disease

Table 1 Prevalence and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease - review of the literature

Ref.	Study design	Group	n	ACA prevalence (%)				Anti-β2-GPI prevalence (%)				ACA						Anti-β2-GPI
				Total	IgG	IgM	IgA	Total	IgG	IgM	IgA	Disease activity	Association with disease phenotype			TE event	IS therapy	Disease activity	Association with disease phenotype			TE event	IS therapy
													Location	Complicated disease behaviour	Need for surgery				Location	Complicated disease behaviour	Need for surgery
[19]	R	HC	136		4.0
		CD	73		20.0							No	No		No	No	No
		UC	63		10.0							No	No		No	No	No
[20]	P	AS	19		5.3	5.3		0	0	0
		CD	63		8.0	3.0		0	0	0		No						No
[21]	CS	CD	22	36.0								No	No
		UC	30	20.0								No	No
[22]	CS	CD	50	22.0	10.0	6.0	6					No	No			No	No
[23]	R	HC	40		5.0
		CD	41		26.8							No				No
		UC	19		26.3							No				No
[24]	CS	HC	261		1.2	1.2
		UC	80		10.0	17.5						No	No			No	No
[25]	R&CS	HC	100	3.0	2.0	1.0		0	0	0
		CD	45	15.6	8.9	6.7		4.4	2.2	2.2		No	No	No		No	No	No	No	No		No	No
		UC	83	18.1	13.3	4.8		10.8	8.4	2.4		+	No			No	No	No	No			No	No
[26]	CS	HC	118		2.5
		CD	138		11.0							No				No	No
[27]	CS	HC	40
		CD	7		3.9	0
		UC	19
[28]	P	CD	4	0												No
		UC	8	12.5
[29]	R	HC	102
		CD	24	6.6												No
		UC	21
[30]	R	HC	53	0	0
		CD	29	9.4	6.9
		UC	24		12.5
[31]	R	HC	100
		CD	26	0	0
		UC	75	1.3	1.3
[32]	CS	IBD	20	30.0
[33]	CS	HC	27	0	0
		CD	5	7.4	3.7
		UC	22

ACA: Anti-cardiolipin antibody; β2-GPI: β2-Glycoprotein-I; CS: Cross-sectional; P: Prospective; R: Retrospective; TE: Thromboembolic; HC: Healthy control; CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IS: Immunosuppressive.