Prognostication and response assessment in liver and pancreatic tumors: The new imaging

Table 4 Data derived from the main published studies that have correlated functional radiological techniques with response to systemic therapies of hepatic and pancreatic tumors

Study	n	Technique	Imaging biomarker	Histotype	Treatment
Lewin et al[107]	12	IVIM	f increase	HCC	sorafenib
Vouche et al[108]	15	DWI	ADC increase	HCC	90Y TARE ± sorafenib
Hsu et al[109]	31	DCE-MRI	Ktrans decrease	HCC	sorafenib+metronomic tegafur/uracil
Yopp et al[111]	17	DCE-MRI	AUC90/AUC180/Ktrans decrease	HCC	bevacizumab
Jiang et al[112]	23	pCT	BF/BV/PS decrease	HCC	bevacizumab + cytotoxic agents
			MTT increase
Kim et al[113]	10	DCE-MRI/DWI	Ktrans/Kep decrease	HCC	sunitinib
			ADC increase
Sahani et al[114]	23	DCE-MRI/DWI	Ktrans/Kep decrease	HCC	sunitinib
			ADC increase
Kim et al[123]	35	pCT	BF decrease	CRC metastases	XELOX, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI
Schlemmer et al[124]	24	pCT	Perfusion decrease	PanNET metastases	Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors
Anzidei et al[125]	18	pCT, DWI	CP decrease	CRC metastases	Oxaliplatinum, capecitabine, bevacizumab
			ADC increase
De Bruyne et al[127]	19	DCE-MRI	AUC decrease	CRC metastases	Bevacizumab
Vriens et al[129]	23	DCE-MRI	Ktrans decrease	CRC metastases	Cytotoxic therapy
Coenegrachts et al[130]	10	DCE-MRI	Kep increase	CRC metastases	Bevacizumab + FOLFIRI
Deckers et al[126]	20	DWI	ADC decrease	CRC metastases	Chemotherapy
Niwa et al[133]	63	DWI	ADC decrease	PDAC	Gemcitabine
Cuneo et al[134]	12	DWI	ADC increase	PDAC	Chemoradiation
Yao et al[135]	39	pCT	BF decrease	PanNET	Bevacizumab ± everolimus
Miyazaki et al[132]	20	DCE-MRI	Distribution volume increase	PanNET metastases	90Y-octretotide

n: Number of patients; IVIM: Intravoxel incoherent-motion diffusion-weighted imaging; f: Perfusion fraction; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma;

⁹⁰Y TARE: ⁹⁰Yttrium trans-arterial radioembolization; DWI: Diffusion-weighted imaging; ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; DCE-MRI: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI; K^trans: Volume transfer constant; AUC₉₀, AUC₁₈₀: Area under the curve at 90 and 180 s; pCT: Perfusion computed tomography; BF: Blood flow; BV: Blood volume; PS: Permeability surface; MTT: Mean transit time; K_ep: Rate constant; CP: Capillary permeability.