Burden of Clostridium difficile infection between 2010 and 2013: Trends and outcomes from an academic center in Eastern Europe

Table 2 Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in inpatients

	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
Gender	P = 0.77	P = 0.47
Previous Clostridium difficile infection	P < 0.001,	P = 0.08
	OR = 15.3
	95%CI: 2.03-48.7
Previous hospitalization1	P < 0.001,	P < 0.001,
	OR = 3.17	OR = 2.39,
	95%CI: 2.19-4.57	95%CI: 1.61-3.51
Healthcare facility or nursery home	P = 0.06	P = 0.81
Treatment with "risk" antibiotics	P < 0.001 ,	P < 0.001
	OR = 4.56	OR = 4.09,
	95%CI: 3.36-6.19	95%CI: 2.98-5.61
Proton pump inhibitor therapy	P < 0.001,	P = 0.006
	OR = 2.08	OR = 1.62,
	95%CI: 1.52-2.85	95%CI: 1.15-2.29
Charlson Comorbidity Index	P = 0.001	P = 0.004
		OR = 1.08,
		95%CI: 1.03-1.14

¹Within 1 year from index hospitalization. Previous “risk” antibiotic therapy: clindamycin, penicillins, third-generation cephalosporins, or fluoroquinolones. Previous treatment strategy was registered within 1 year from diagnosis of CDI. Proton pump inhibitor therapy was defined as at least the suggested daily dose (20 mg omeprazole, 30 mg lansoprazole, or 40 mg pantoprazole or esomeprezol). OR: Odds ratio; NA: Not applicable.