Associations of sense of coherence with psychological distress and quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 5 Hierarchical multiple regression analyses to assess variables independently associated with overall health-related quality of life and satisfaction with health (n = 147)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
	Overall HRQoL					Satisfaction with Health
Sex (female)	-0.119	-0.120	-0.152	-0.136	-0.135	-0.101	-0.080	-0.102	-0.062	-0.061
Race (white)	-0.153	-0.162	-0.233b	-0.218a	-0.229b	-0.101	-0.096	-0.146	-0.109	-0.121
Race (other)	0.017	0.033	0.011	0.016	0.025	0.017	-0.021	-0.036	-0.023	-0.013
Age	-0.125	-0.115	-0.163	-0.148	-0.108	0.143	0.128	0.095	0.132	0.176
Education	-0.103	0.127	0.129	0.121	0.180	0.105	0.081	0.082	0.063	0.127
Living with spouse	0.060	0.042	0.008	0.010	0.025	0.087	0.095	0.071	0.075	0.092
Income	0.013	0.001	-0.071	-0.072	-0.074	-0.125	-0.120	-0.170	-0.172	-0.174a
Disease (CD = 1, UC = 2)	-	-0.096	-0.100	-0.096	-0.141	-	0.326b	0.323b	0.335b	0.285b
Time since diagnosis	-	-0.051	0.045	0.054	0.099	-	-0.092	-0.024	-0.002	0.048
Surgery for IBD	-	0.117	0.111	0.099	0.101	-	0.121	0.117	0.087	0.089
Relapse rate	-	-0.074	-0.061	-0.057	-0.004	-	-0.041	-0.032	-0.023	0.036
Disease in Remission	-	-0.099	-0.101	-0.097	-0.114	-	0.099	0.097	0.108	0.089
SOC score	-	-	0.359d	0.314b	0.231a	-	-	0.251b	0.137	0.045
Depressive symptoms	-	-	-	-0.090	0.067	-	-	-	-0.227a	-0.052
Anxiety symptoms	-	-	-	-	-0.369d	-	-	-	-	-0.409d
Regression Statistics
Adjusted R2	0.036	0.029	0.144	0.143	0.224	-0.007	0.035	0.087	0.116	0.218
Incremental adjusted R2	0.036	-0.007	0.115	-0.001	0.081	-0.007	0.042	0.042	0.029	0.102
Significance of F change	0.102	0.539	< 0.001	0.360	< 0.001	0.547	0.058	0.004	0.025	< 0.001
	Physical HRQoL					Mental HRQoL
Sex (female)	-0.187a	-0.147	-0.179a	-0.127	-0.126	-0.150	-0.104	-0.137	-0.075	-0.074
Race (white)	-0.007	0.017	-0.054	-0.005	-0.017	-0.041	-0.001	-0.073	-0.015	-0.023
Race (other)	-0.042	-0.069	-0.091	-0.073	-0.064	-0.034	-0.048	-0.071	-0.050	-0.043
Age	-0.180	-0.187	-0.234a	-0.185a	-0.145	-0.030	-0.008	-0.057	0.002	0.032
Education	0.002	-0.006	-0.004	-0.029	0.031	-0.041	-0.045	-0.043	-0.074	-0.031
Living with spouse	0.068	0.059	0.025	0.030	0.046	-0.018	-0.020	-0.055	-0.049	-0.038
Income	0.086	0.099	0.028	0.026	0.024	0.082	0.114	0.040	0.038	0.036
Disease (CD = 1, UC = 2)	-	0.172	0.168	0.183	0.136	-	0.205	0.201	0.219a	0.186
Time since diagnosis	-	-0.140	-0.045	-0.015	0.031	-	-0.231a	-0.133	-0.097	-0.064
Surgery for IBD	-	0.060	0.055	0.016	0.018	-	0.061	0.055	0.009	0.010
Relapse rate	-	-0.239b	-0.226b	-0.214b	-0.160a	-	-0.090	-0.076	-0.063	-0.023
Disease in Remission	-	0.112	0.110	0.124	0.106	-	0.038	0.036	0.053	0.040
SOC score	-	-	0.356d	0.208a	0.123	-	-	0.368d	0.188a	0.128
Depressive symptoms	-	-	-	-0.295b	-0.134	-	-	-	-0.357d	-0.241a
Anxiety symptoms	-	-	-	-	-0.378d	-	-	-	-	-0.270b
Regression Statistics
Adjusted R2	0.047	0.105	0.219	0.273	0.360	-0.012	0.039	0.159	0.241	0.282
Incremental adjusted R2	0.047	0.058	0.114	0.054	0.087	-0.012	0.051	0.120	0.082	0.041
Significance of F change	0.059	0.020	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.631	0.037	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.004
	Social relations HRQoL					Environmental HRQoL
Sex (female)	-0.003	0.015	-0.012	0.042	0.043	0.008	0.013	-0.015	0.029	0.029
Race (white)	-0.109	-0.085	-0.146	-0.095	-0.106	0.007	-0.001	-0.062	-0.021	-0.026
Race (other)	0.110	0.137	-0.118	0.136	0.146a	-0.052	-0.068	-0.087	-0.072	-0.068
Age	-0.279b	-0.233a	-0.274b	-0.222a	-0.181a	-0.140	-0.154	-0.195a	-0.154	-0.137
Education	-0.008	0.022	0.023	-0.004	0.057	0.005	0.006	0.007	-0.014	0.012
Living with spouse	0.063	0.037	0.008	0.013	0.029	0.095	0.076	0.046	0.050	0.057
Income	0.157	0.169	0.107	0.105	0.103	0.264b	0.245b	0.183a	0.181a	0.181a
Disease (CD = 1, UC = 2)	-	-0.136	-0.139	-0.123	-0.170	-	0.024	0.020	0.033	0.013
Time since diagnosis	-	-0.162	-0.080	-0.048	-0.002	-	-0.003	0.080	0.105	0.125
Surgery for IBD	-	0.046	0.042	0.001	0.003	-	0.083	0.078	0.046	0.047
Relapse rate	-	-0.082	-0.071	-0.059	-0.004	-	-0.214a	-0.203a	-0.194a	-0.170a
Disease in Remission	-	-0.067	-0.069	-0.054	-0.072	-	0.101	0.099	0.111	0.103
SOC score	-	-	0.309d	0.152	0.067	-	-	0.310d	0.185	0.148
Depressive symptoms	-	-	-	-0.311b	-0.148	-	-	-	-0.248a	-0.178
Anxiety symptoms	-	-	-	-	-0.383d	-	-	-	-	-0.164
Regression Statistics
Adjusted R2	0.077	0.084	0.167	0.228	0.317	0.045	0.069	0.153	0.189	0.200
Incremental adjusted R2	0.077	0.007	0.083	0.061	0.089	0.045	0.024	0.084	0.036	0.011
Significance of F change	0.012	0.303	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.066	0.136	< 0.001	0.010	0.097

Values shown are standardized beta regression coefficients.

^dP < 0.01,

^bP < 0.01,

^aP < 0.05 vs control. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CD: Crohn's disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; HRQoL: Health-related quality of life.