Associations of sense of coherence with psychological distress and quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 2 Univariable associations of demographic, clinical and psychological variables with anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life (n =147)

	Anxiety symptoms	Depressive symptoms	Overall HRQoL	Satisfaction with Health	Physical HRQoL	Mental HRQoL	Social Relations HRQoL	Environment HRQoL
Sex1
Male	5.01 ± 4.17	4.40 ± 3.2a	4.02 ± 0.66	3.65 ± 0.99	3.65 ± 0.59b	3.93 ± 0.47	3.96 ± 0.71	3.40 ± 0.54
Female	6.01 ± 4.37	5.93 ± 4.0	3.79 ± 0.89	3.55 ± 0.95	3.36 ± 0.65	3.73 ± 0.78	3.85 ± 0.77	3.36 ± 0.53
Race2
Latin/Mixed-race	5.40 ± 4.00	5.02 ± 3.62	3.95 ± 0.81	3.63 ± 0.93	3.50 ± 0.62	3.84 ± 0.67	3.92 ± 0.73	3.39 ± 0.55
White	5.80 ± 4.35	5.86 ± 3.98	3.66 ± 0.72	3.43 ± 1.01	3.47 ± 0.65	3.77 ± 0.72	3.70 ± 0.83	3.39 ± 0.48
Other	6.19 ± 5.91	5.50 ± 4.35	4.00 ± 0.89	3.75 ± 1.06	3.39 ± 0.77	3.75 ± 0.60	4.17 ± 0.58	3.29 ± 0.54
Age3	0.125	0.188a	-0.181a	0.081	-0.196a	-0.036	-0.244d	-0.078
Education (yr)3	0.016	-0.156	0.166a	0.006	0.132	0.038	0.166a	0.212a
Marital status1
Living alone	5.40 ± 4.52	5.39 ± 4.30	3.86 ± 0.89	3.45 ± 0.96	3.47 ± 0.70	3.85 ± 0.82	3.87 ± 0.70	3.35 ± 0.59
Living with spouse	5.67 ± 4.21	5.21 ± 3.51	3.90 ± 0.77	3.66 ± 0.96	3.49 ± 0.62	3.80 ± 0.59	3.91 ± 0.77	3.39 ± 0.50
Income3	-0.022	-0.123	0.045	-0.060	0.107	0.087	0.116	0.252b
Disease1
CD	6.00 ± 4.06	5.00 ± 3.83	3.94 ± 0.75	3.34 ± 1.10b	3.42 ± 0.60	3.68 ± 0.61a	3.98 ± 0.74	3.41 ± 0.54
UC	5.26 ± 4.47	5.48 ± 3.74	3.84 ± 0.85	3.78 ± 0.80	3.54 ± 0.67	3.92 ± 0.71	3.83 ± 0.74	3.36 ± 0.53
Time since diagnosis3	0.274d	0.259b	-0.1116	-0.097	-0.177a	-0.217b	-0.202a	0.019
Surgery for IBD1
No	5.56 ± 4.38	5.50 ± 3.73	3.84 ± 0.82	3.59 ± 0.97	3.48 ± 0.63	3.82 ± 0.66	3.87 ± 0.73	3.34 ± 0.52
Yes	5.69 ± 4.00	4.23 ± 3.88	4.08 ± 0.74	3.62 ± 0.94	3.50 ± 0.70	3.81 ± 0.73	4.03 ± 0.80	3.56 ± 0.58
Relapse rate4	0.141	0.057	-0.040	-0.077	-0.228b	-0.136	0.009	-0.212a
Disease activity1
In Remission	5.71 ± 4.60	5.13 ± 3.97	3.90 ± 0.81	3.52 ± 1.03	3.50 ± 0.62	3.77 ± 0.63	3.95 ± 0.78	3.43 ± 0.57
Active	5.39 ± 3.81	5.49 ± 3.48	3.86 ± 0.81	3.70 ± 0.84	3.47 ± 0.68	3.89 ± 0.74	3.81 ± 0.69	3.29 ± 0.47
SOC5	-0.398d	-0.458d	0.271d	0.232b	0.313d	0.341d	0.266b	0.266b
Anxiety symptoms3	N/A	0.551d	-0.424d	-0.431d	-0.567d	-0.503d	-0.500d	-0.341d
Depressive symptoms3	0.551d	N/A	-0.327d	-0.272d	-0.463d	-0.473d	-0.459d	-0.375d

¹Two-tailed t-test;

²One-way ANOVA;

³Pearson correlation coefficient;

⁴Spearman correlation coefficient);

⁵Sense of Coherence.

^dP < 0.01,

^bP < 0.01,

^aP < 0.05 vs control. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CD: Crohn's disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; NA: Not applicable; HRQoL: Health-related quality of life.