Recent developments in pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of Barrett's esophagus

Table 2 Estimated effectiveness and durability of current endotherapies for Barrett’s esophagus

	Radiofrequency ablation with or without EMR[75,77,78,105]	1Cryotherap[79]	Endoscopic mucosal resection[80]	Photo-dynamic therapy[106,107]
Initial eradication of HGD	90%-95%	100%	90%	81%
Initial CRIM	70%-86%	100%	90%	72%
Recurrence of non-dysplastic Barrett’s	13%-33% at 2-3 yr	19% at 36 mo1	39.5% at 5 yr	Unknown
Recurrence of dysplasia or cancer	1.6%-11% at 1.5-2.5 yr	3% at 36 mo	6.2% at 5 yr	16%-20% at 2-5 yr
Adverse events	Stricture 4%-11.9%	Stricture 9%	Stricture 47% (widespread EMR)	Stricture 37%

¹The 37.5% required touch up treatment after initial eradication 19% developed recurrent HDG but were successfully re-treated. Study methods: EMR for focal nodular BE, ablation of flat BE with any modality followed by EMR if ablation failed. CRIM: Complete remission from intestinal metaplasia; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; BE: Barrett’s esophagus; HGD: High grade dysplasia.