Cholecystectomy is independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an Asian population

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses for the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease according to gallstone disease status

Variable	Univariate model		Age, sex-adjusted model		Multivariate model1
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Gallstone disease
Control (n = 16543)	1		1		1
Gallstone disease (n = 1069)	1.67 (1.47-1.90)	< 0.001	1.47 (1.28-1.68)	< 0.001	1.22 (1.04-1.43)	0.016
Cholecystectomy
Control	1		1		1
Cholecystectomy (n = 356)	1.67 (1.35-2.07)	< 0.001	1.46 (1.16-1.83)	0.001	1.35 (1.03-1.77)	0.028
Gallstones
Control	1		1		1
Gallstones (n = 713)	1.65 (1.42-1.92)	< 0.001	1.46 (1.24-1.72)	< 0.001	1.15 (0.95-1.39)	0.153

¹The multivariate model was adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OR: Odds ratio.