Cholecystectomy is independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an Asian population

doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6287

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2015; 21(20): 6287-6295
Published online May 28, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6287

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the subjects according to gallstone disease status

	Control (n = 16543)	Gallstone disease (n = 1069)	Gallstone disease (n = 1069)
	Control (n = 16543)	Gallstone disease (n = 1069)	Gallstones (n = 713)	Cholecystectomy (n = 356)
Age (yr)	48.1 ± 11.1	54.5 ± 11.4^a	53.8 ± 11.2^b	55.8 ± 11.5^c
Male	8122 (49.1)	560 (52.4)^a	377 (52.9)^b	183 (51.4)
Waist circumference (cm)	82.8 ± 8.2	86.4 ± 8.5^a	86.3 ± 8.2^b	86.3 ± 7.7^c
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.0 ± 3.1	24.1 ± 3.2^a	24.0 ± 3.1^b	23.9 ± 2.9^c
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	113.5 ± 14.4	116.3 ± 15.2^a	117.0 ± 15.0^b	118.4 ± 14.5^c
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	73.3 ± 11.3	75.2 ± 11.4^a	75.2 ± 11.2^b	75.2 ± 10.6^c
Hypertension	2710 (16.4)	311 (29.1)^a	205 (28.8)^b	106 (29.8)^c
Diabetes	771 (4.7)	100 (9.4)^a	67 (9.4)^b	33 (9.3)^c
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (IU/L)	29.8 ± 32.9	34.6 ± 48.8^a	35.7 ± 58.8^b	38.0 ± 75.0^c
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)	23.1 ± 19.8	25.9 ± 18.6^a	26.0 ± 17.9^b	26.1 ± 16.4^c
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)	22.1 ± 12.2	23.2 ± 11.1^a	23.6 ± 10.7^b	24.5 ± 9.9^c
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	194.4 ± 33.7	193.4 ± 33.7	192.5 ± 33.6	190.6 ± 33.4^c
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	103.2 ± 68.0	111.1 ± 62.3^a	112.9 ± 65.9^b	116.4 ± 72.5^c
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	55.1 ± 12.2	53.2 ± 12.1^a	53.3 ± 12.2^b	53.7 ± 12.6^c
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	95.2 ± 15.5	99.6 ± 20.4^a	99.6 ± 20.8^b	99.5 ± 17.0^c
HbA1c (%)	5.8 ± 0.5	5.9 ± 0.7^a	5.9 ± 0.6^b	6.0 ± 0.5^c
Fasting insulin, μIU/mL (n = 8622)	6.9 ± 4.4	8.3 ± 6.2^a	8.3 ± 6.0^b	8.3 ± 5.7^c
HOMA- IR index (n = 8622)	1.7 ± 1.3	2.1 ± 1.7^a	2.1 ± 1.7^b	2.2 ± 1.7^c
NAFLD	4896 (29.6)	441 (41.3)^a	292 (41.0)^b	149 (41.9)^c
Smoking
Never-smoker	10042 (60.7)	623 (58.3)^a	419 (58.8)	204 (57.3)^c
Current smoker	2398 (14.5)	135 (12.6)^a	95 (13.3)	40 (11.2)^c
Ex-smoker	4103 (24.8)	311 (29.1)^a	199 (27.9)	112 (31.5)^c
Regular physical activity	10835 (65.5)	773 (72.3)^a	521 (73.1)^b	252 (70.8)^c

Data are presented as the mean ± SD or n (%).

^aP < 0.05, control vs gallstone disease;

^bP < 0.05, control vs gallstone;

^cP < 0.05, control vs cholecystectomy. NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; GSD: Gallstone disease; IR: Insulin resistance.

Citation: Kwak MS, Kim D, Chung GE, Kim W, Kim YJ, Yoon JH. Cholecystectomy is independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an Asian population. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(20): 6287-6295
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v21/i20/6287.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6287