Hepatitis B virus infection, diabetes mellitus, and their synergism for cholangiocarcinoma development: A case-control study in Korea

Table 3 Comparison of risk factors in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and matched controls n (%)

Variable	ICC patient (n = 83)	Control (n =166)	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
			OR (95%CI)	P value	AOR (95%CI)	P value
Cigarette smoking	31 (37.3)	66 (39.8)	0.87 (0.47-1.63)	0.670	-	-
< 20 pack-years	15 (18.1)	23 (13.9)	1.17 (0.54-2.51)	0.689	-	-
≥ 20 pack-years	16 (19.3)	43 (25.9)	0.68 (0.33-1.44)	0.318	-	-
Heavy alcohol consumption	17 (20.5)	26 (15.7)	1.44 (0.70-2.97)	0.319	-	-
Obesity	22 (26.5)	44 (26.5)	1.00 (0.56-1.80)	0.999	-	-
Cholecystolithiasis	14 (16.9)	14 (8.4)	2.06 (0.96-4.41)	0.062	1.04 (0.33-3.29)	0.941
Choledocholithiasis	10 (12.0)	4 (2.4)	6.20 (1.70-22.71)	0.006	8.63 (1.30-57.33)	0.026
Hepatolithiasis	11 (13.3)	1 (0.6)	22.00 (2.84-170.40)	0.003	157.37 (9.36-2646)	< 0.001
Cholecystectomy	4 (4.8)	4 (2.4)	2.00 (0.50-8.00)	0.327	-	-
Ulcerative colitis	0 (0.0)	2 (1.2)	0.03 (0.0-5748.1)	0.561	-	-
Alcoholic liver disease	7 (8.4)	13 (7.8)	1.09 (0.41-2.87)	0.868	-	-
Thyroid disease	1 (1.2)	7 (4.2)	0.25 (0.03-2.19)	0.211	-	-
Chronic pancreatitis	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-	-	-	-
Hypertension	29 (34.9)	69 (41.6)	0.73 (0.41-1.31)	0.291	-	-
Diabetes mellitus	21 (25.3)	15 (9.0)	3.34 (1.60-7.01)	0.001	4.87 (1.88-12.59)	0.001
Without complications	9 (10.8)	9 (5.4)	2.52 (0.90-7.03)	0.078	4.00 (1.18-13.61)	0.027
With complications	12 (14.5)	6 (3.6)	4.28 (1.59-11.49)	0.004	6.13 (1.57-24.00)	0.009
HBV infection	19 (22.9)	9 (5.4)	4.58 (2.00-10.50)	< 0.001	5.27 (1.93-14.38)	0.001
HCV infection	5 (6.0)	3 (1.8)	3.33 (0.80-13.95)	0.099	1.71 (0.25-11.45)	0.582
Liver fluke infestation	3 (3.6)	2 (1.2)	3.00 (0.50-17.95)	0.229	-	-

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.