Risk factors causing structural sequelae after anastomotic leakage in mid to low rectal cancer

Table 3 Univariate analysis of differences between the permanent stoma and no permanent stoma groups (n = 79) n (%)

				95%CI
	PS	No PS	OR	Lower	Upper	P value
Age, median (yr)	58	60				0.772
> 65	4 (28.6)	25 (38.5)	0.250	0.181	2.262	0.488
Gender
Male	10 (71.4)	45 (69.2)	1.111	0.311	3.971	0.871
BMI, mean	24.29	24.16				0.893
ASA score
I	8 (57.1)	26 (40.0)
II/III	6 (42.9)	39 (60.0)	0.500	0.155	1.609	0.245
Surgical time, mean (min)	274.79	269.63				0.827
Ileostomy	11 (78.6)	34 (52.3)	3.343	0.853	13.107	0.083
LNM, mean	2.21	1.06				0.299
RLN, mean	20.57	23.11				0.561
Stage
0/I/II	9 (64.3)	23 (58.5)
III/IV	5 (35.7)	23 (41.5)	0.782	0.236	2.594	0.688
Tumor location, median (centimeters from AV)	3	5				0.029
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy	5 (35.7)	14 (21.5)	2.204	0.584	7.014	0.266
Surgical method						0.438
Conventional	0 (0)	3 (4.6)
Laparoscopic	10 (71.4)	35 (53.8)
Robotic	3 (21.4)	25 (38.5)
Conversion	1 (7.1)	2 (3.1)
Anastomosis						0.545
Hand-sewn	1 (7.7)	9 (13.8)
Stapling	12 (92.3)	56 (86.2)
Anastomosis type						0.129
End-to-end	12 (85.7)	58 (89.2)
End-to-side	2 (14.3)	3 (4.6)
Colonic J-pouch	0	4 (6.2)
Mechanical bowel preparation
Yes	5 (35.7)	17 (26.2)
No	9 (64.3)	48 (73.8)	0.638	0.187	2.171	0.471
Initial AL management						0.633
Conservative	4 (28.6)	29 (44.6)
PAD	4 (28.6)	13 (20.0)
Diversion only	2 (14.3)	12 (18.5)
Primary repair and diversion	0	1 (1.5)
Surgical irrigation and drainage	3 (21.4)	7 (10.8)
Re-anastomosis and diversion	0	2 (3.1)
Hartmann’s procedure	1 (7.1)	1 (1.5)
Transfusion	5 (35.7)	10 (15.4)	3.056	0.846	11.036	0.088
Leakage, mean (d)	5.0	4.7				0.768
Hospital stay, mean (d)	45.9	29.1				0.121
Days to start diet, mean (d)	7.5	5.8				0.427
Antibiotics use, mean (d)	26.8	17.5				0.018
ICU transfer	4 (28.6)	5 (7.7)	4.800	1.098	20.990	0.037
Multi-organ failure	3 (21.4)	3 (4.6)	5.636	1.005	31.602	0.049
Postoperative ileus	1 (7.1)	8 (12.3)	0.548	0.063	4.773	0.586

Data are expressed as n (%), mean or median. PS: Permanent stoma; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; LNM: Lymph node metastasis; RLN: Retrieved lymph nodes; AV: Anal verge; AL: Anastomotic leakage; PAD: Percutaneous abscess drainage; ICU: Intensive care unit; OR: Odds ratio.