Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a patient with situs inversus viscerum

Table 1 Published reports on therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with situs inversus viscerum worldwide

Ref.	Country	Year	Patient’s position	Endoscopist’s position	Key steps	Complications
Venu et al[7]	United States	1985	Right lateral position → recumbent/prone position	At the right side of the table	Altered the patient's position several times before cannulation	No
Nordback et al[8]	Finland	1988	On her right in a prone position	Unknown	The endoscopist turned his right side toward the patient when cannulation was achieved and an endoscopic papillotomy was made toward the direction of "1 o'clock"	No
Chowdhury et al[9]	India	1997	Left lateral position	At the left side of the table	Minor modifications of the maneuvers and endoscope tip movement	No
Fiocca et al[10]	Italy	2008	Prone position	At the right side of the table	Passed the stomach and reached the duodenum with only a 180° turn	No
García-Fernández et al[11]	Spain	2010	Right lateral position	At the right side of the table	“Mirror image” ERCP technique:all necessary endoscopic maneuvers were performed inversely as per normal procedures	No
de la Serna-Higuera et al[12]	Spain	2010	Prone position	At the right side of the table	The duodenoscope had to be turned 180° clockwise in the stomach and a rotating sphincterotome was needed	No
Lee et al[13]	South Korea	2010	Prone position	At the right side of the table	The endoscope was rotated 180 to the right (in the stomach) and large-balloon dilation was performed after a limited sphincterotomy	No
Kamani et al[14]	Pakistan	2014	Left lateral position	At the right side of the table	Passed the stomach and reached the duodenum with a 180° turn	No