Systematic review and meta-analysis of prophylactic abdominal drainage after pancreatic resection

Table 1 Definitions of clinical outcomes in each included study

Author	Mortality	Morbidity	POPF	Abdominal abscess
Heslin et al[6]	NA	NA	Drain output at a rate of ≥ 30 mL/d or more and lasting for more than 7 d	Abdominal collection associated with fever and a positive culture requiring either percutaneous or operative drainage yielding positive cultures
Conlon et al[8]	Deaths within 30 d of surgery	NA	Drain output on postoperative day 5 or > 30 mL and amylase level > 150 IU/L and/or three times greater than the serum value	Abdominal collection associated with fever and a positive culture requiring either surgical or radiologic drainage
Fisher et al[7]	Deaths within 30 d of surgery.	CTCAE (v4.0)[35]	ISGPF[36]	Abdominal collection with a positive Gram stain or cultures
Paulus et al[26]	NA	NA	ISGPF[36]	Abdominal collection associated with fever, abnormal blood routine test, and positive cultures
Adham et al[29]	Deaths within 90 d of surgery	Clavien classification[37]	ISGPF[36]	Abdominal collection associated with fever and a positive culture requiring surgical drain or interventional treatment
Correa-Gallego et al[9]	Deaths within 90 d of surgery	CTCAE (v4.0)[35]	Clinical signs and symptoms with amylase-rich drainage > 50 mL/d beyond postoperative day 10	Clinical signs and symptoms or radiologic diagnosis of abdominal abscess or peritonitis
Lim et al[27]	Clavien classification[37]	Clavien classification[37]	ISGPF[36]	NA
Mehta et al[28]	Deaths within 30 d of surgery	Clavien classification[37]	ISGPF[36]	NA
Van Buren et al[10]	Deaths within 90 d of surgery	CTCAE (v4.0)[35]	ISGPF[36]	NA

NA: Not available; CTCAE (v4.0): Common terminology criteria for adverse effects, version 4.0; ISGPF: International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula.