Endoscopic and biopsy diagnoses of superficial, nonampullary, duodenal adenocarcinomas

Table 4 Preoperative endoscopic factors associated with the final histology of adenoma or carcinoma

Factor		Adenoma (n = 15)	Carcinoma (n = 65)	P value1
Location, n	1st portion (n = 11)	4	7	NS
	2nd portion (n = 65)	11	54
	3rd portion (n = 4)	0	4
Preoperative diameter, mm, n	< 20 (n = 53)	13	40	0.060
	≥ 20 (n = 27)	2	25
Color, n	White or isocolor (n = 34)	12	22	0.001
	Red (n = 46)	3	43
Depressed area, n	Present (n = 40)	3	37	0.009
	Absent (n = 40)	12	28
Lobulation, n	Present (n = 42)	9	33	0.500
	Absent (n = 38)	6	32
Marginal whitening, n	Present (n = 52)	9	43	NS
	Absent (n = 28)	6	22
Gross type, n	Elevated type	13	26	0.002
	(Is, Isp, Ip, IIa) (n = 39)
	Depressed type (IIc) (n = 4)	0	4
	Mixed type (IIa + Is, IIa + IIc, Is + IIc) (n = 37)	2	35

¹χ² test. NS: Not significant.