Expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase is an independent prognostic marker in gastric cancer

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis for overall survival after surgery using Cox relative risk

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	RR (95%CI)	P value	RR (95%CI)	P value
PDH expression in tumor (positive vs negative)	0.552 (0.462-0.658)	< 0.0011	0.608 (0.504-0.734)	< 0.0011
PDH expression in NNM (positive vs negative)	0.830 (0.699-0.987)	0.035	0.869 (0.727-1.039)	0.123
Age (≥ 60 yr vs < 60 yr)	1.446 (1.030-2.032)	0.033	1.447 (1.010-2.073)	0.044
Tumor size (< 4 cm vs≥ 4 cm)	2.297 (1.505-3.504)	< 0.0011	1.492 (0.956-2.329)	0.078
Depth of invasion (Tis-1 vs T2-4)	5.114 (1.889-13.843)	0.0011	1.683 (0.567-4.995)	0.348
Lauren grade (intestinal-type vs diffuse-type)	1.978 (1.396-2.803)	< 0.0011	1.574 (1.081-2.292)	0.0181
TNM Stage (0-I vs II-IV)	1.809 (1.504-2.176)	< 0.0011	1.512 (1.191-1.920)	0.0011
Lymph node metastasis (positive vs negative)	3.146 (1.989-4.977)	< 0.0011	1.733 (1.061-2.830)	0.0281
Lymphatic invasion (positive vs negative)	2.041 (1.424-2.924)	< 0.0011	1.271 (0.875-1.847)	0.208
Histological type (differentiated vs undifferentiated)	1.460 (1.033-2.063)	0.032	1.058 (0.667-1.678)	0.811

¹Significant difference. RR and 95%CI were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RR: Relative risk.