Proton-pump inhibitors for prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients undergoing dialysis

Table 3 Predictors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with end-stage renal disease

Variable	HR	95%CI	P value
PPI (no treatment vs treatment)	13.689	1.84-101.64	0.011
Warfarin	4.728	1.57-14.25	0.006
Anti-platelet therapy	2.476	1.38-4.44	0.002
Coronary artery disease	2.079	0.954-4.532	0.094
Cerebrovascular disease	1.492	0.973-2.287	0.067
Smoking	2.154	0.659-7.043	0.204
Diabetes	1.020	0.48-2.30	0.899
Hypertension	1.318	0.59-2.92	0.497
Age	1.002	0.97-1.03	0.870

All models were adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hemoglobin, albumin and mode of dialysis. PPI: Proton-pump inhibitor.