Clinical impact of endoscopy position detecting unit (UPD-3) for a non-sedated colonoscopy

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors affecting visual analog scale pain scores for colonoscope insertion by trainees

Factors	Pain		Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
			P value	P value	OR	95%CI
Insertion methods (straight vs roping)	No	22/10	< 0.001	< 0.001	6.8	2.6-18.2
	Yes	14/48
UPD vs conventional	No	21/11	0.020	0.043	2.7	1.1-7.2
	Yes	25/37
Abdominal surgery (+ vs - )	No	1/31	0.252	0.429	2.6	0.2-28.8
	Yes	6/56
Antispasmodic (+ vs -)	No	30/2	0.773
	Yes	59/3
Age (≥ 65 vs < 64 )	No	16/16	0.767
	Yes	33/29
Gender (Male vs Female)	No	21/11	0.961
	Yes	41/21

UPD: Position detecting unit.