Surgical procedure determination based on tumor-node-metastasis staging of gallbladder cancer

Table 4 Postoperative complications presented in different stage groups

TNM stage	Surgical procedures	Age(mean ± SD)	P value		Complication
0-I	Simple cholecystectomy	61.58 ± 10.587	0.662	1	Infection under the skin incision with gallbladder bed bleeding
	Radical cholecystectomy	64.17 ± 13.527		0
II	Simple cholecystectomy	71.56 ± 9.893	0.371	0
	Radical cholecystectomy	68.22 ± 6.220		1	Fat liquefaction of incision
IIIA	Radical cholecystectomy	61.67 ± 12.397	0.367	0
	Palliative resection	67.00 ± 13.991		1	Biliary fistula
IIIB	Radical cholecystectomy	65.82 ± 7.973	0.510	0
	Palliative resection	62.20 ± 14.676		2	Biliary fistula, pulmonary embolism
IVA	Radical cholecystectomy	67.47 ± 9.553	0.066	3	MODS resulting from biliary tract infection (dead), deep vein thrombosis, deterioration of liver function
	Palliative resection and No surgery	57.80 ± 11.520		1	Lung infection
IVB	Palliative resection	65.57 ± 14.293	0.817	3	Abdominal infection, acute pulmonary edema, subphrenic effusion
	No surgery	64.39 ± 11.905		2	MODS (dead)

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.