Anxiety and depression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and their effect on quality of life

Table 3 Characteristics of anxiety symptoms according to the Zung self-rating depression scale n (%)

SDS	Normal	Mild to moderate	Severe	Extreme
Healthy, control	80 (86)	11 (13)	8 (1)	1 (0)
RE	42 (31.34)	43 (32.09)	26 (19.40)	23 (17.16)
NERD	32 (22.07)	38 (26.21)	35 (24.14)	40 (27.59)

Compared with the healthy controls, the constituent ratios of the RE and the NERD groups presented a significant difference (χ² = 35.14, 64.582; P < 0.001, 0.001, respectively). The results of the RE group were similar to those of the NERD group (χ² = 6.556; P = 0.085). RE: Reflux esophagitis; NERD: Non-erosive reflux disease.