Association of cholesterol with risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis

Table 3 Pooled relative risks of associations between pancreatic cancer and dietary cholesterol and serum total cholesterol

Cholesterol source	Subgroup	No. of studies	Pooled RR (95%CI) REM	I2	Pheterogeneity
Dietary cholesterol	All studies	14	1.308 (1.097-1.559)	55.3%	0.006
	After excluding two studies[24,31] (RR > 3.0)	12	1.204 (1.050-1.380)	29.4%	0.158
	Study design
	Case-control	10	1.523 (1.226-1.893)	49.7%	0.037
	Cohort	4	1.023 (0.871-1.200)	0.0%	0.508
	Continent
	North America	6	1.275 (1.058-1.537)	29.3%	0.215
	Europe	6	1.149 (0.863-1.531)	55.4%	0.047
	Others	2	2.495 (1.565-3.977)	0.0%	0.362
Serum TC	All studies	8	1.003 (0.859-1.171)	55.5%	0.028
	Continent
	Europe	4	1.034 (0.722-1.481)	65.1%	0.035
	Asia	4	1.005 (0.847-1.192)	56.2%	0.077

TC: Total cholesterol; REM: Random effect model.