Association of cholesterol with risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis

Table 2 Characteristics of studies for serum total cholesterol included in the meta-analysis

Ref.	Country (year)	Study design	Mean age (case/control) Percentage of males (case/control)	Sample size (cases)	Cut-points for cholesterol Exposure RR (95%CI)	Adjustment for covariates
Wu et al[16]	China (2012)	Case-control	59.3/59.358.6/58.6	840(210)	Serum TC < 5.70 mmol/L (referent),≥ 5.70 mmol/L [1.793 (1.067-3.013)]	Age, sex, hypertension, HBV markers, the levels of HDL, LDL, Tri and Apo B
Stolzenberg-Solomon et al[20]	Finland (2002)	Cohort	NA	29048(172)	Serum TC < 5.18 mmol/L (referent),≥ 5.18 mmol/L [0.88 (0.60-1.28)]	Age, years smoked, cigarettes smoked per day, self-reported history of diabetes andbronchial asthma, occupational activity and measured high blood pressure
Johansen et al[21]	Austria, Norway, and Sweden (2010)	Cohort	NA	289866(543)	Serum TC mean level (mmol/L) 4.5 (referent), 5.3, 5.8, 6.4, 7.6 [0.70 (0.53-0.93)]	Age, BMI and smoking status
Johansen et al[21]	Austria, Norway, and Sweden (2010)	Cohort	NA	288834(314)	Serum TC mean level (mmol/L) 4.4 (referent), 5.1, 5.7, 6.3, 1.11 [0.75 (0.53-1.64)]	Age, BMI and smoking status
Kitahara et al[34]	South Korea (2011)	Cohort	NA	756604(1799)	Serum TC (mg/dL) < 160 (referent), 160-179, 180-199, 200-239, ≥ 240 [0.88 (0.74-1.05)]	Smoking, drinking, fasting serum glucose,BMI, hypertension and physical activity
Kitahara et al[34]	South Korea (2011)	Cohort	NA	433115(776)	Serum TC (mg/dL) < 160 (referent), 160-179, 180-199, 200-239, ≥ 240 [0.96 (0.74-1.24)]	Smoking, drinking, fasting serum glucose,BMI, hypertension and physical activity
Kuzmickiene et al[35]	Lithuania (2013)	Cohort	NA	6788(73)	Serum TC (mmol/L) < 5.20 (referent), 5.20-5.89, 5.90-6.62, ≥ 6.63 [1.76 (0.87-3.55)]	Age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption and education
Xu et al[36]	China (2011)	Case-control	61.4/60.7459.3/60.5	602(290)	Serum TC (mmol/L) < 5.72 (referent), ≥ 5.72 [1.01 (0.88-1.17)]	Diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, family history of cancer, history of gastrointestinal surgery, history of biliary disease, history of chronic pancreatitis and triglyceride

NA: Not available; BMI: Body mass index.