Primary biliary cirrhosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients: Incidence and risk factors

Table 3 Demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis patients with or without hepatocellular carcinoma at primary biliary cirrhosis diagnosis n (%)

Variable	PBC with HCC (n = 20)	PBC without HCC (n = 77)	P value
Follow-up (mo)	46.45 ± 41.85	57.20 ± 36.33	0.144
Male	8 (40)	30 (38.97)	1.000
Female	12 (60)	47 (61.04)	1.000
Age (yr)	61.05 ± 11.92	60.77 ± 11.52	0.808
Han nationality	18 (90.00)	73 (94.81)	1.000
Body mass index ≥ 25 (kg/m2)	6 (30)	7 (9.10)	0.015
History of blood transfusion	0	4 (5.19)	0.300
Family history of malignancy	4 (20)	3 (3.90)	0.014
History of alcohol intake	7 (35)	10 (12.99)	0.022
History of smoking	4 (20)	6 (7.79)	0.112
History of type 2 diabetes mellitus	3 (15)	7 (9.09)	0.441
Liver cirrhosis	17 (85)	62 (79.22)	0.958
Hepatitis B core antibody	9 (45)	37 (48.05)	0.562
Child-Pugh, A/B/C (n/n/n)	8/11/1	32/42/3	0.900
Antimitochondrial autoantibodies
(+)	18 (90)	65 (84.42)	0.529
(-)	2 (10)	12 (15.58)	0.529
IgA (mg/dL)	2.78 ± 1.32	3.13 ± 2.07	0.686
IgM (mg/dL)	3.46 ± 1.99	4.07 ± 3.34	0.482
IgG (mg/dL)	15.86 ± 3.24	15.55 ± 6.27	0.657
White blood cells (× 109/L)	4.14 ± 1.38	4.85 ± 2.52	0.449
Hemoglobin level (g/dL)	109.01 ± 16.28	108.42 ± 20.69	0.438
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	80.15 ± 63.50	75.91 ± 67.18	0.715
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	97.5 ± 64.48	92.60 ± 72.85	0.611
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	278.25 ± 155.42	376.10 ± 433.46	0.918
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase level (U/L)	294.65 ± 285.01	316.29 ± 331.95	0.748
Total bilirubin level (mg/dL)	46.84 ± 64.34	46.19 ± 62.37	0.858
Albumin level (g/dL)	32.75 ± 6.20	33.21 ± 5.58	0.876
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.03 ± 0.43	1.36 ± 0.82	0.207
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.20 ± 1.38	5.75 ± 4.05	0.113
Prothrombin time (s)	12.34 ± 1.64	12.23 ± 1.37	0.813
α-fetoprotein (ng/mL)	14.75 ± 21.84	7.62 ± 4.46	0.072
Use of ursodeoxycholic acid	19 (95)	60 (77.9)	0.080
Effective	8 (42.1)	23 (38.3)	0.769
Clinical stage
Asymptomatic	0 (0)	9 (11.69)	0.110
Symptomatic	20 (100)	68 (88.31)	0.110

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; PBC: Primary biliary cirrhosis.