Systematic review of novel ablative methods in locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Use of ablative therapies to treat cystic and solid premalignant lesions of the pancreas

Author	Premalignant lesion	n	Treatment	Median area of ablation, mm (range)	Outcome	Complications
Gan et al[46]	Cystic tumours of the pancreas	25	EUS guided ethanol lavage	19.4 (6-30)	Complete resolution 35%	None
Oh et al[73]	Cystic tumours of the pancreas	14	EUS guided ethanol lavage + paclitaxel	25.5 (17-52)	Complete resolution in 79%	Acute pancreatitis (n = 1) Hyperamylasaemia (n = 6) Abdominal pain (n = 1)
Oh et al[74]	Cystic tumours of the pancreas	10	EUS guided ethanol lavage + paclitaxel	29.5 (20-68)	Complete resolution in 60%	Mild pancreatitis (n = 1)
DeWitt et al[75]	Cystic tumours of the pancreas	42	Randomised double blind study: Saline vs ethanol	22.4 (10-58)	Complete resolution in 33%	Abdominal pain at 7 d (n = 5) Pancreatitis (n = 1) Acystic bleeding (n = 1)
Oh et al[47]	Cystic tumours of the pancreas	52	EUS guided ethanol lavage + paclitaxel	31.8 (17-68)	Complete resolution in 62%	Fever (1/52) Mild abdominal discomfort (1/52) Mild pancreatitis (1/52) Splenic vein obliteration (1/52)
Levy et al[76]	PNET	8	EUS guided ethanol lavage (5 patients) and intra-operative ultrasound guided (IOUS) ethanol lavage (3 patients)	16.6 (8-21)	Hypoglycemia symptoms disappeared 5/8 and significantly improved 3/8	EUS guided: No complications. IOUS-guided ethanol injection: Minor peritumoral bleeding (1/3), pseudocyst (1/3), pancreatitis (1/3)
Pai et al[21]	Cystic tumours of the pancreas + neuroendocrine tumours	8	EUS guided RFA	Mean size pre RFA, 38.8 mm vs mean size post RFA, 20 mm	Complete ablation in 25% (2/8)	2/8 patients had mild abdominal pain that resolved in 3 d

RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; PNET: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour.