Colorectal cancer surveillance: What's new and what's next?

Table 2 Results of reviewed randomized controlled trials of colorectal cancer surveillance strategies n (%)

	Type of regimen	n	Stages1	Rectal cancer	Follow-up time	Recurrences2	Symptoms were first sign of recurrence	Time to recurrence(mo):mean ± SD /median	Reoperated (% of recurrences)	Overall survival at 5 yr	Cancer-related survival at 5 yr	Survival of recurring patients 5 yr after first treated
Ohlsson et al[15]	Intensive	53	A/B/C: 19%/40%/41%	36%	6.8 yr median	17 (32)	8 (47)	20	5 (29)	75%	78%	29%
	Minimal	54	A/B/C: 17%/48%/35%	31%	(overall)	18 (33)	15 (83)	24	3 (17)	67%	71%	22%
Mäkelä et al[16]	Intensive	52	A/B/C: 24%/46%/29%	31%	NR	22 (42)	3 (14)	10 ± 5	5 (22)	59%	NR	NR
	Minimal	54	A/B/C: 28%/44%/28%	28%	NR	21 (39)	4 (19)	15 ± 10	3 (14)	54%	NR	NR
Kjeldsen et al[17]	Intensive	290	A/B/C: 23%/51%/26%	46%	55% still followed at 5 yr (overall)	813 (28)	38 (47)	18	17 (21)	70%	78%4	NR
	Minimal	307	A/B/C: 23%/47%/30%	49%		833 (27)	59 (71)	27	5 (6)	68%	78%4	NR
Pietra et al[18]	Intensive	104	A/B/C: 0%/60%/40%	30%	100% still followed at 5 yr (overall)	41 (39)	105 (42% of local recurrences)	10.3 ± 2.75	21 (51)	73%	NR	38%
	Minimal	103	A/B/C: 0%/58%/42%	36%		426 (41)	105 (83% of local recurrence)	20.2 ± 6.15	6 (14)	58%	NR	0%
Schoemaker et al[19]	Intensive	167	A/B/C: 25%/47%/28%	28%	NR	56 (34)	NR	NR	6 (11)	77%4	NR	NR
	Minimal	158	A/B/C: 19%/48%/33%	26%	NR	64 (41)	NR	NR	5 (8)	70%4	NR	NR
Secco et al[20]	Low-risk–risk-adapted	84	A/B: 100%	NR	Median 42 mo	27 (32)	32%7	16	6 (22)	80%	NR	NR
	Low risk–minimal	61	A/B: 100%	NR	NR	25 (40)	75%7	14	6 (24)	60%	NR	NR
	High-risk–risk-adapted	108	A/B: 36%	NR	Median 61.5 mo	74 (68)	32%7	13.5	25 (34)	50%	NR	NR
			C: 64%
	High risk–minimal	84	A/B: 20%C: 80%	NR	NR	58 (69)	75%7	8	7 (12)	32%	NR	NR
Rodríguez- Moranta et al[21]	Intensive	127	II: 60%	23%	Median 49 mo	35 (27)	NR	39 ± 21	18 (51)	75%4	NR	NR
			III:40%
	Minimal	132	II: 61%	28%	Median 45 mo	34 (26)	NR	38 ± 19	10 (29)	73%4	NR	NR
			III:39%

¹A, B and C refer to Dukes staging, while I, II and III refer to TNM staging;

²Includes metachronous colorectal cancers (CRCs);

³Includes 7 cases of metachronous CRC in the intensive group and 3 in the less intensive group;

⁴Estimated visually from survival curve;

⁵Reported for local recurrences only;

⁶Includes 1 case of metachronous CRC;

⁷Reflects combined high-risk and low-risk groups. NR: Not reported; “Overall” describes all trial arms combined.