Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 studies

Table 4 Meta-analysis results

	No. of studies	Fixed-effects model		Random-effects model		Tests of homogeneity			Tests of publication bias
		RR	95%CI	RR	95%CI	Q value (df)	P value	I2	Begg’s P value	Egger’s P value
Randomized Controlled Trials	8	0.90	0.78-1.04	0.89	0.74-1.07	9.31 (7)	0.23	25%	0.22	0.31
Placebo-controlled RCTs	7	0.86	0.74-1.01	0.85	0.71-1.03	7.21 (6)	0.30	17%	0.18	0.24
RCTs of lipophilic statins	3	0.90	0.73-1.10	0.90	0.73-1.10	1.55 (2)	0.46	0%	0.60	0.70
RCTs of lipophobic statins	5	0.90	0.73-1.12	0.83	0.60-1.15	7.75 (4)	0.10	48%	0.62	0.05
Cohort Studies	13	0.96	0.93-0.99	0.91	0.83-1.00	70.85 (12)	< 0.001	83%	0.54	0.22
Case-control studies	19	0.93	0.91-0.96	0.92	0.87-0.98	50.31 (18)	< 0.001	64%	0.46	0.27
Published in full text form	16	0.94	0.91-0.98	0.90	0.83-0.99	49.12 (15)	< 0.001	69%	0.47	0.19
Observational studies	32	0.94	0.92-0.96	0.92	0.87-0.96	122.68 (31)	< 0.001	75%	0.36	0.16
All studies	40	0.94	0.92-0.96	0.91	0.87-0.96	132.3 (39)	< 0.001	71%	0.33	0.11

RCT: Randomized controlled trials.