Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 studies

Table 3 Case-control studies included in the meta-analysis

Study	Study location	All subjects	CRC cases	OR	95%CI	Control for potential confounding factors2
Deshpande[62], 2013	United States	73472	36736	0.96	0.89-1.05	1-4
Broughton et al[64], 2012	United Kingdom	233	101	0.43	0.25-0.80	1, 2, 5-8
Lakha et al[63], 2012	United Kingdom	603	309	0.33	0.15-0.69	1-3, 9-15
Cheng et al[65], 2011	Taiwan	5780	1156	1.09	0.91-1.30	1-3, 5, 8, 9, 16-21
Vinogradova et al[26], 2011	United Kingdom	60373	11749	1.07	1.00-1.15	1-3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 22-27
Robertson et al[66], 2010	Denmark	109769	9979	0.87	0.80-0.96	1, 2, 5-7, 9, 10, 19
Hachem et al[68], 2009	United States	30400	6080	0.91	0.86-0.96	1-4, 9, 16, 19, 20, 28, 29
Shadman et al[67], 2009	United States	2044	669	1.17	0.74-1.85	1, 4, 11, 12, 30-33
Boudreau et al[70], 2008	United States	1330	665	1.02	0.65-1.59	1, 2, 5, 9, 11, 12, 32
Yang et al[69], 2008	United Kingdom	48724	4432	1.10	0.50-2.20	1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 32, 34
Hoffmeister et al[71], 2007	Germany	1154	540	0.69	0.45-1.06	1, 2, 4-7, 9, 11, 12, 30-32, 35-37
Coogan et al[72], 2007	United States	3618	1809	0.92	0.78-1.09	1, 2, 4, 9, 10
Li et al[73], 2006	United States	741	3391	0.8	0.34-1.87	1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 30, 38
Poynter et al[25], 2005	Israel	3968	1953	0.53	0.38-0.74	1, 2, 9, 30, 36, 39-41
Rubin et al[74], 2005	United States	387240	18440	0.92	0.89-0.96	1, 2, 4, 9, 17, 42-45
Kaye et al[76], 2004	United Kingdom	18088	3291	1.0	0.6-1.7	1, 2, 11, 12, 42
Graaf et al[77], 2004	Netherlands	20105	2921	0.87	0.48-1.57	1, 2, 5, 9, 17, 18, 32, 34, 46-49
Khurana et al[75], 2004	United States	534273	53391	0.94	0.89-1.00	1, 2, 6, 9, 12, 38, 50
Blais et al[78], 2000	Canada	5962	561	0.83	0.37-1.89	1, 2, 14, 18, 34, 46

¹Figures for colon cancer rather than colorectal cancer;

²1: Age; 2: Sex; 3: Inflammatory bowel disease; 4: Colonoscopy; 5: Diabetes; 6: Alcohol use; 7: Use of aspirin; 8: Use of metformin; 9: Use of NSAIDs; 10: Precinct of residence; 11: Body mass index; 12: Smoking status; 13: Physical activity level; 14: History of neoplasia; 15: Family history of cancer; 16: Fecal occult blood; 17: Prior hospitalizations; 18: Other lipid-lowering therapy; 19: Cholecystectomy; 20: Liver disease; 21: Colorectal polyps; 22: History of heart attack; 23: Hypertension; 24: Coronary heart disease; 25: Socioeconomic status; 26: Rheumatoid arthritis; 27: Use of COX-2 inhibitors; 28: Diabetic nephropathy; 29: Use of sulfonylurea; 30: Family history of colorectal cancer; 31: Education; 32: Hormone replacement therapy; 33: Calendar year; 34: Duration of follow-up; 35: Red meat consumption; 36: Hypercholesterolemia; 37: History of rheumatic disease; 38: Race; 39: Ethnic group; 40: Sports participation; 41: Level of vegetable consumption; 42: Number of physician visits; 43: Use of glucocorticosteroids; 44: Use of immunomodulators; 45: Use of 5-aminosalicylic acids; 46: Comorbidity score; 47: Use of diuretics; 48: Use of ACE inhibitors; 49: Use of CCBs; 50: Obesity. CRC: Colorectal cancer.