Risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal neoplasms

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the 325 superficial colorectal neoplasms in 317 patients n (%)

Characteristic	n
Patient characteristics
Number	317
Age (yr)
Mean ± SD	65.5 ± 10.9
Median (range)	67 (29-86)
Gender
Male	183 (57.7)
Female	134 (42.3)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	103 (32.5)
Diabetes mellitus	31 (9.8)
Hyperlipidemia	54 (17.0)
Cardiovascular disease	16 (5.0)
Liver cirrhosis	0 (0)
Chronic renal failure	0 (0)
Use of antithrombotic drugs	26 (8.2)
Use of intravenous heparin	5 (1.6)
Lesion characteristics
Number	325
Lesion size, mm
Mean ± SD	34.1 ± 16.6
Median (range)	30 (7-115)
Location
Cecum	23 (7.1)
Ascending colon	58 (17.8)
Transverse colon	51 (15.7)
Descending colon	12 (3.7)
Sigmoid colon	59 (18.2)
Rectum	122 (37.5)
Morphology
Protruded	31 (9.5)
Depressed	4 (1.2)
LST-G	180 (55.4)
LST-NG	110 (33.8)
Histology and depth
Serrated lesion	5 (1.5)
Adenoma	26 (8.0)
M	249 (76.6)
SM < 1000 μm	27 (8.3)
SM ≥ 1000 μm	18 (5.5)
Resectability
En bloc resection	284 (87.4)
Complete resection	282 (86.8)
Procedure time, min
Mean ± SD	101.0 ± 80.2
Median (range)	80 (10-630)
Procedure-related adverse events
Delayed bleeding	14 (4.3)
Patients needed transfusion	1 (0.3)
Death related to the procedure	0 (0)

M: Intra-mucosal adenocarcinoma; SM < 1000 μm: Submucosal, minutely invasive adenocarcinoma; SM ≥ 1000 μm: Submucosal, deeply invasive adenocarcinoma.