Novel methylxanthine derivative-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease

Figure 1 Caffeine, pentoxifylline and theophylline down-regulate chitinase 3-like 1 mRNA expression and reduce cell viability in human colonic epithelial cells. A: SW480 cells were stimulated with caffeine (CAF) at 0, 2.5 or 5 mmol/L or pentoxifylline (PTX) or theophylline (THEO) at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 50 or 100 mmol/L for 48 h and detected for the chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) mRNA expression by quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as an internal control; B: SW480 and HT29 cells were treated with either CAF (0, 1, 2.5 or 5 mmol/L), PTX or THEO (0, 10, 50 or 100 mmol/L) for 48 h and cell viability were determined using trypan blue exclusion test. CAF, PTX and THEO were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, United States). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs control group.