Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in portal venous system aneurysms: A multi-center study

Table 1 Clinical, B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound findings of portal venous system aneurysms

Patient			Indication for first US examination	Medical history	US device	B-mode and CDUS findings
No.	Sex	Age (yr)				PVSAs (n)	Location	Configuration (mm)	Features	Others	2nd imaging	Outcome
1	F	56	Suspected NAFLD	Overweight, dyslipidemia	GE Logiq S8, convex probe	1	Main portal vein, extrahepatic segment	Fusiform/30	Patent lumen, to-and-fro flow	Fatty liver	CEUS	12-mo follow-up with B-mode and CDUS
2	M	65	Upper GI bleeding from grade III esophageal varices	Alcoholic cirrhosis	GE Logiq E9, convex probe	1	Splenomesenteric confluence	Fusiform/37	Lumen partially filled with a slightly echogenic area, without flow on CDUS; turbulent flow with mosaic color within patent lumen	Cirrhotic liver	CEUS, CECT	Anticoagulation and 12-mo follow-up with B-mode and CDUS
3	M	64	Dyspepsia	Gastritis treated withomeprazole	Aloka prosound, convex probe	1	V segment, left main branch of portal vein	Saccular/22	Patent lumen, to-and-fro flow ("Yin-Yang" sign)	None	CEUS,CECT	At a 6-mo follow-up: increase in size with US; no complications with CEUS
4	F	80	Follow-up surveillance after surgical removal of colon cancer 7 years before	Type 2 diabetes treated with insulin	Aloka prosound, convex probe	1	Right main branch of portal vein	Fusiform/23	Patent lumen, to-and-fro flow	Small bilateral renal cysts	CEUS	12-mo follow-up with B-mode and CDUS
5	M	58	Elevated liver function tests	None	Acuson Sequoia, convex probe	1	Right main branch of portal vein	Saccular/25	Patent lumen, to-and-fro flow	None	CEUS	12-mo
												Follow-up with B-mode and CDUS
6	F	38	Elevated liver function tests	HIV	Acuson Sequoia, convex probe	1	Pars umbilicalis	Fusiform/32	Patent lumen, to-and-fro flow	None	CEUS, CECT	12-mo follow-up with B-mode and CDUS
7	M	62	Weight loss	Vasculitis	Acuson Sequoia, convex probe	1	Right main branch of portal vein	Fusiform/23	Patent lumen, to-and-fro flow	None	CEUS	12-mo follow-up with B-mode and CDUS

CEUS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; CECT: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography; CDUS: Color Doppler ultrasound; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.