Perceived risk as a barrier to appropriate diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome

Table 3 Needs of diagnostic tests by risk perception of irritable bowel syndrome¹n (%)

The patient needs to be diagnosed by …(choose EVERYTHING appropriate)	Increased risk perception (colon cancer, nutritional deficit, surgical condition, or shorter life span)
	No (n = 130)	Yes (n = 853)	OR2 (95%CI)	aOR3 (95%CI)
Blood test (n = 400)	30 (23.1)	370 (43.4)	2.55 (1.66-3.92)	2.66 (1.72-4.11)
Stool examination (n = 442)	40 (30.8)	402 (47.1)	2.01 (1.35-2.98)	2.12 (1.42-3.17)
Colonoscopy (n = 781)	89 (68.5)	692 (81.1)	1.98 (1.32-2.98)	2.10 (1.38-3.18)
Abdominal ultrasound (n = 354)	25 (19.2)	329 (38.6)	2.64 (1.67-4.17)	2.70 (1.70-4.28)
Computed tomography (n = 199)	10 (7.7)	189 (22.2)	3.42 (1.76-6.64)	3.33 (1.71-6.51)
Don't need any test (n = 28)	19 (14.6)	9 (1.1)	0.06 (0.03-0.14)	0.05 (0.02-0.11)

¹The question was "In your opinion, the patient needs to be diagnosed by… (choose EVERYTHING appropriate);

²Odds ratio of "yes" referenced by "no";

³Adjusted by sex, age, area of residency, number of comorbidity, and problem drinking. CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; aOR: Adjusted odds ratio.