Proinflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of interleukin-17 in intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29

Figure 2 p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation levels. When interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were used separately, the phosphorylation levels of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were very low. However, when IL-17 and TNF-α were combined together, the phosphorylation levels of p38 and ERK improved significantly, and the longer IL-17 and TNF-α were combined together, the stronger the phosphorylation became.