Risk factors for early rebleeding and mortality in acute variceal hemorrhage

Table 1 Clinical and biological characteristics of the study population n (%)

Characteristic	n = 101
Gender (male/female)	71 (70.3%)/30 (29.7%)
Age (yr)	51 ± 12
Etiology of liver disease n (%) Viral (HBV and/or HCV) Alcohol Others	76 (75.2) 19 (18.8) 6 (5.9)
Clinical presentation of bleeding n (%) Melena Hematemesis Both melena and hematemesis	22 (21.8) 32 (31.7) 47 (46.5)
Systolic blood pressure at presentation (mmHg)	114 ± 21
Bleeding source n (%) Esophageal varices Gastric varices	85 (84.2) 16 (15.8)
High risk stigmata of variceal bleeding (yes/no)	89 (88.1)/12 (11.9)
Active variceal bleeding at endoscopy (yes/no)	27 (26.7)/74 (73.3)
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	9.9 ± 2.4
White blood cells (109/L)	4.78 ± 3.55
Platelets (109/L)	111 ± 102
Aspartate aminotransferase level (U/L)	39 ± 15
Alanine aminotransferase level (U/L)	29 ± 15
Serum sodium level (mmol/L)	132 ± 11
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	57 ± 18
Albumin (g/L)	34 ± 6
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	24.5 ± 12.3
Prothrombin time (s)	16.7 ± 2.3
Presence of ascites n (%) 0 I II III	47 (46.5) 31 (30.7) 18 (17.8) 5 (5.0)
Requiring blood transfusion within 72 h (yes/no)	38 (37.6)/63 (62.4)
Units of PRBCs transfused within 72 h	6 ± 2
HVPG (mmHg)	18 ± 4
Obliteration range of PTVE n (%) Complete Partial Trunk	63 (62.4) 21 (20.8) 17 (16.8)
Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification n (%) A B C	15 (14.9) 61 (60.4) 25 (24.8)
MELD score	15 ± 5

PRBCs: Packed red blood cells; HVPG: Hepatic vein pressure gradient; PTVE: Percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization.