T3-induced liver AMP-activated protein kinase signaling: Redox dependency and upregulation of downstream targets

Figure 1 Effect of N-acetylcysteine on T₃-induced liver CaMKKβ/TAK1-AMPK cascade. (A) Rat plasma and liver 8-isoprostane levels, liver mRNA levels of AMPK (B) and CaMKKβ (C, E) hepatic CaMKKβ protein content, and liver expression of TAK1 mRNA (D) and pTAK1/TAK1 ratios (F). Values shown are means ± SEM (n = 3-4). Statistical significance (one-way ANOVA and the Newman-Keuls, test; P < 0.05) is indicated by the letters identifying each experimental group. AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; CaMKKβ: Ca²⁺-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; (p)TAK1, (phosphorylated) transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1.