Effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on lung function: A systematic review

Table 1 Description of the baseline characteristics for the articles selected from the first literature search

Ref.	Baseline characteristics
Frazee et al[17]	Comparative measurements of FVC, FEV1 and FEF25%-75% variables preoperatively and on the 1st postoperative day after LC and OC
Hall et al[18]	Comparison of the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (collapse/consolidation, unexplained temperature > 38  °C and positive sputum microbiology) after LC and OC
Coskun et al[19]	Comparative measurements of the FVC, FEV1, Tiffeneau index, PEF and MEF25% variables before and 24 h after LC and OC
Damiani et al[20]	Comparative meta-analytic study focusing on the evaluation of the Tiffenneau index after LC and OC
Osman et al[21]	Comparative measurements for FVC, FEV1, Tiffenneau index and ABGs variables preoperatively and on the first day after LC and OC
Putensen-Himmer et al[22]	Comparative measurements for FVC, FEV1, FRC and ABGs variables preoperatively and up to the 3rd postoperative day after LC and OC
Mealy et al[23]	Comparative measurements for FVC, FEV1, PF, ABGs, urinary cortisol, vanillylmandelic acid, metanephrines and nitrogen loss, CRP, ESR and pain analogue scale preoperatively and up to 48 h after LC and OC
Williams et al[24]	Comparative measurements for FVC, FEV1 and Maximum Forced Expiratory Flow Rate preoperatively and after LC and OC, according to patient’s cooperation
Gunnarsson et al[25]	Comparative measurements for FVC, FEV1 and ABGs variables before surgery and 2 h and the first day after LC and OC
Karayiannakis et al[26]	Comparative measurements for FVC, FEV1, FRC, FEF25%-75% and ABGs variables preoperatively and on the second day after LC and OC
Hendolin et al[27]	Comparative measurements for FVC, FEV1, Peak Flow Velocity and arterial oxygen tension variables and measurements for plasma concentrations of catecholamines, cortisol and glucose preoperatively, in the recovery room and on the first day after LC and OC
Hasukić et al[28]	Comparative measurements for FVC, FEV1, FEF25%-75%, Peak Expiratory Flow and ABGs variables preoperatively and on the first day after LC and OC
Bablekos et al[29]	Comparative measurements of lung volumes (FVC, VC , ERV, IC, FRC, RV/TLC variables), flow rates (FEV1, Tiffenneau index, PEF, FEF25%-75% variables) and ABGs parameters preoperatively, on the 2nd and on the 8th day after LC and OC
Ravimohan et al[30]	Comparative measurements for FVC, FEV1, FEF25%-75%, PEF, Tiffenneau index and ABGs parameters preoperatively, on the first and on the sixth postoperative day after LC and OC
Bablekos et al[31]	Comparative measurements of Control of Breathing indices (VT, BF, TI, TI/TTOT, Po.1, Zminsp) and airway resistance (Raw) preoperatively, two days and eight days after LC and OC
McMahon et al[32]	Minute ventilation, arterial carbon dioxide tension, end-tidal CO2 tension, peak airway pressure and arterial oxygen levels were studied just before operation and at the time of gallbladder removal during LC and OC
Mimica et al[36]	Examination of the influence of physical therapy on both the values of respiratory parameters, such as FVC, FEV1, Tiffenneau index, and ABGs variables preoperatively and to the sixth day after LC and OC
Farrow et al[37]	The authors showed that LC is associated with significantly less morbidity compared with OC. Variables such as FVC and FEV1 along with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications and narcotic doses were studied preoperatively to the third day after LC and OC
Redmond et al[38]	Parameters determining the immune function such as monocyte superoxide anion (O2-) and tumor necrosis factor release, neutrophil O2- levels and chemotaxis, serum cortisol and CRP were studied prior to surgery and on the first and third days after LC and OC
Kimberley et al[39]	FVC, FEV1, Maximum voluntary HGS and MIP were studied preoperatively and on the first day after LC and OC

FVC: Forced vital capacity (L); VC: Vital capacity (L); ERV: Expiratory reserve volume (L); IC: Inspiratory capacity (L); FRC: Functional residual capacity (L); FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in one second (L); FEF_25%-75%: Maximal-mid expiratory flow rate (L/s); PEF: Peak expiratory Flow (L/s); MEF_25%: Maximal expiratory flow in the first 25% of the FVC (L/s); Tiffenneau index: FEV₁/FVC (%) ratio; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ABGs: Arterial blood gases; VT: Tidal volume (L); BF: Breathing frequency (breaths per minute: bpm); TI : Inspiratory time (s); TI/TTOT: Duty cycle; Po.1 : Central respiratory drive (cmH₂O); Zminsp: Mean Inspiratory Impedance (cmH₂O/L.s); Raw: Airway resistance (cmH₂O. L-1.s); LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; OC: Open cholecystectomy; HGS: Handgrip strength; MIP: Maximal inspiratory pressure.