Upper-gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to peptic ulcer disease: Incidence and outcomes

Table 3 Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) among all hospitalized patients with an gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to peptic ulcer disease; admitted for any cause (n = 7079)

	In-hospital mortality (95%CI)	30-d readmission (95%CI)1	Surgical intervention (95%CI)
One year increase (yr)	0.98 (0.94-1.02)	1.07 (1.01-1.14)	0.98 (0.93-1.04)
Female to male	1.28 (1.07-1.53)	1.16 (0.91-1.47)	0.94 (0.74-1.20)
Age ≥ 65 yr to age < 65 yr	1.68 (1.37-2.06)	1.57 (1.21-2.04)	0.74 (0.58-0.94)
Rural to urban	0.90 (0.71-1.14)	2.30 (1.79-2.95)	0.90 (0.66-1.22)
Perforation to no perforation	3.14 (2.03-4.85)	1.59 (0.76-3.33)	Not applicable
Surgery2	2.23 (1.56-3.20)	1.16 (0.62-2.15)	Not applicable
Interventional radiology2	2.41 (1.07-5.41)	0.70 (0.09-5.16)	7.18 (3.48-14.84)
Upper endoscopy2	1.08 (0.86-1.35)	0.58 (0.45-0.74)	0.86 (0.66-1.13)
Charlson comorbidities3
1-2 comorbidities	3.13 (2.36-4.16)	1.14 (0.86-1.49)	1.07 (0.81-1.41)
≥ 3 comorbidities	9.51 (7.28-12.43)	1.20 (0.88-1.64)	1.04 (0.77-1.41)

¹Those who died in hospital were excluded from the calculation for readmission;

²Those who had the procedure performed compared to those who did not;

³Patients who had no comorbidities was used as the reference group. UGIB: Gastrointestinal bleeding; PUD: Peptic ulcer disease.