Estradiol agonists inhibit human LoVo colorectal-cancer cell proliferation and migration through p53

Figure 2 17β-estradiol and/or ER selective agonists upregulate p53 signaling proteins to change the cell cycle progression in human LoVo colorectal cancer cells. A: LoVo cells were treated with E2 or various concentrations (10^-10 mol/L, 10^-9 mol/L and 10^-8 mol/L) of PPT or DPN for 48 h; B: LoVo cells were pretreated with various concentrations (1 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L) of a p53 inhibitor for 1 h followed by E2 (10^-8 mol/L) treatment for 48 h; C: LoVo cells were pretreated with vehicle, the ER antagonist ICI 182780 (ICI), or a p53 inhibitor for 1h, followed by E2 administration for 48 h. Subsequently, cells were harvested and measured by Western blotting. A β-actin standard was used as a loading control for all proteins. All experiments were repeated twice with identical results.