Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome

Table 2 Studies conducted on animal models showing effects of probiotics containing Lactobacillus strains on metabolic disorders

Studied subjects	Probiotic	Duration of treatment	Effects	Ref.
C57BL/6J mice	Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60	8 wk	↓body weight gain, white adipose tissue, hepatic steatosis	[106]
C57BL/6J mice	Lactobacillus plantarum PL62	8 wk	↓body weight, visceral adipose tissue, serum glucose levels	[107]
Sprague-Dawley rats	Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055	4 wk	↓adipocyte size, leptin levels	[108]
			No significant changes in serum glucose and lipids levels, and liver lipids levels
Zucker diabetic fatty rats	Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221	8 wk	↓fasting insulin levels, insulin resistance, serum triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels, atherosclerosis	[109]
			↑HDL cholesterol levels
Male Kunming mice	L. plantarum CAI6, L. plantarum SC4	28 d	↓serum total and LDL cholesterol levels, LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio, triglycerides levels, hepatic steatosis	[110]
			↑serum HDL cholesterol, hepatic anti-oxidant Nrf-2 mediated response
C57BL/6J mice	Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	13 wk	↓liver and mesenteric adipose tissue, weight gain	[111]
			↑glucose tolerance, gluconeogenesis, fatty acids oxidation
Apoe-/- mice	Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 (ATCC), DSM 17938 (DSM), L6798	12 wk	↓body weight gain, insulin levels, hepatic steatosis	[112]
			↑fatty acids oxidation
C57BL/6 mice	Lactobacillus plantarum strain No. 14	11 wk	↓adipocyte size, white adipose tissue, serum leptin and total cholesterol levels	[113]
C57B/6J mice	Lactobacillus paracasei ssp paracasei F19	10 d	↓body weight	[114]
			↑triglyceride load of the lipoprotein VLDL, angiopoietin-like 4 protein that ↓fatty storage
GF and NMF mice	Lactobacillus paracasei ssp paracasei F19 or Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFB 1748	10 d	↑adipsin, adiponectin, fatty acids oxidation	[115]
			Improvement of efficacy of intestinal immunological barrier
			↓resistine like β

LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein.