Covert hepatic encephalopathy: Agreement and predictive validity of different indices

Table 3 Electroencephalographic, psychometric and psychophysic indices in relation to the presence of grade I hepatic encephalopathy, portal-systemic shunt and a history of hepatic encephalopathy

	EEG					Psychometry		CFF
	MDF (Hz)	δ	θ	α	β	PHES	MPZS
No grade I HE	10.3 ± 1.8	7% ± 6%	26% ± 17%	45% ± 17%	21% ± 13%	-0.9 ± 2.9	-0.2 ± 0.9	41.9 ± 5.4
(n = 85)
Grade I HE	8.2 ± 1.9b	15% ± 16%b	43% ± 17%b	29% ± 18%b	12% ± 8%b	-5.3 ± 4.0b	-1.5 ± 1.1b	39.9 ± 5.3a
(n = 47)
No portal-systemic shunt	10.1 ± 1.8	5% ± 3%	29% ± 23%	44% ± 18%	21% ± 13%	-1.3 ± 2.8	-0.3 ± 0.8	42.8 ± 5.1
(n = 24)
Portal-systemic shunt	9.3 ± 2.2	11% ± 12%d	35% ± 19%	36% ± 19%	18% ± 13%	-2.6 ± 3.8	-0.7 ± 1.1	41.2 ± 5.7
(n = 60)
No HE history	10.2 ± 1.7	6% ± 7%	25% ± 17%	48% ± 18%	21% ± 12%	-1.5 ± 3.6	-0.3 ± 1.1	41.9 ± 5.9
(n = 44)
HE history	9.1 ± 2.1f	12% ± 12%f	37% ± 19%f	35% ± 19%f	17% ± 12%	-2.9 ± 4.0	-0.8 ± 1.1e	40.6 ± 5.3
(n = 76)

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs no grade I hepatic encephalopathy (HE);

^dP < 0.01 vs no portal-systemic shunt;

^eP < 0.05,

^fP < 0.01 vs no HE history. EEG: Electroencephalography; CFF: Critical flicker frequency; MDF: Mean dominant frequency; PHES: Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score; MPZS: Mean psychometric Z score.