Extrahepatic complications to cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Haemodynamic and homeostatic aspects

Table 4 Diagnostic criteria for the hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension

HPS	PoPH
Presence of liver disease	Presence of liver disease and portal hypertension
PA-aO2 > 15 mmHg (> 2 kPa)	Mean pulmonary arterial pressure > 25 mmHg
Positive contrast enhanced echocardiography1	Pulmonary vascular resistance > 240 dyn·s·cm-5 left atrial pressure < 15 mmHg

¹Visualisation of microbubbles in the left heart chambers within three or more cardiac cycles implies definite intrapulmonary vascular dilatation. P_A-aO₂: Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient; PoPH: Portopulmonary hypertension; HPS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome.