Extrahepatic complications to cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Haemodynamic and homeostatic aspects

doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15499

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Nov 14, 2014; 20(42): 15499-15517
Published online Nov 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15499

Table 2 Circulatory changes in specific vascular beds in cirrhosis

Systemic circulation

Plasma volume ↑

Total blood volume ↑

Non-central blood volume ↑

Central and arterial blood volume ↓ (→)

Cardiac output ↑

Arterial blood pressure ↓ (→)

Heart rate ↑

Systemic vascular resistance ↓

Arterial and total vascular compliance ↑

Heart

Left atrial volume ↑

Left ventricular volume → (↑)

Right atrial volume →↑↓

Right ventricular volume →↑↓

Right atrial pressure →↑

Right ventricular end diastolic pressure →

Pulmonary artery pressure →↑

Left ventricular end diastolic pressure →

Hepatic and splanchnic circulation

Hepatic blood flow ↓→ (↑)

Hepatic venous pressure gradient ↑

Postsinusoidal resistance ↑

Renal circulation

Renal blood flow ↓

Glomerular filtration rate ↓→

Pulmonary circulation

Pulmonary blood flow ↑

Pulmonary vascular resistance ↓ (↑)¹

Cutaneous and skeletal muscle circulation

Skeletal muscular blood flow ↑→↓

Cutaneous blood flow ↑→↓

¹Portopulmonary syndrome. ↑→↓ denote: Increased, unchanged, or decreased, respectively. Parenthesis denotes less frequent changes.

Citation: Møller S, Henriksen JH, Bendtsen F. Extrahepatic complications to cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Haemodynamic and homeostatic aspects. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(42): 15499-15517
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i42/15499.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15499