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Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 14, 2014; 20(42): 15499-15517
Published online Nov 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15499
Table 1 Vasodilating and vasoconstricting forces involved in disturbed haemodynamics in cirrhosis (Alphabetic order)
Vasodilator systems
Adenosine
Adrenomedullin
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Bradykinin
Brain natriuretic peptide
Calcitonin gene-related peptide
Carbon monoxide
Endocannabinoids
Endothelin-3
Endotoxin
Enkephalins
Glucagon
Histamine
Hydrogen sulphide
Interleukins
Natriuretic peptide of type C
Nitric oxide
Prostacyclin (PGI2)
Substance P
Tumour necrosis factor-α
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
Vasoconstrictor systems
Angiotensin II
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
Endothelin-1
Neuropeptide Y
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Sympathetic nervous system
Vasopressin