Malignant gangliocytic paraganglioma of the duodenum with distant metastases and a lethal course

Table 1 Clinicopathological features of gangliocytic paraganglioma with lymph node or distant metastasis

No.	Ref.	Age (yr)/gender	Tumor site	Tumor size (cm)	Regional lymph node metastasis	Distant metastasis	Treatment	Outcome
1	Büchler et al[3] (1985)	50/male	Ampulla of Vater	3.0	Yes	No	LR	NED 20 mo
2	Korbi et al[4] (1987)	73/female	Duodenum	NA	Yes	No	WP	NA
3	Inai et al[5] (1989)	17/male	Duodenum	2.0	Yes	No	WP	NED 32 mo
4	Hashimoto et al[6] (1992)	47/male	Second portion of the duodenum	6.5	Yes	No	WP	NED 14 mo
5	Dookhan et al[7] (1993)	41/male	Duodenum	2.5	Yes	No	LR + WP	Recurrence 11 years after first local resection
6	Takabayashi et al[8] (1993)	63/female	Papilla of Vater	3.2	Yes	No	WP	NED 24 mo
7	Tomic et al[9] (1996)	74/female	Pancreas	4.0	Yes	No	WP	NED 19 mo
8	Henry et al[21] (2003)	50/male	Pancreas	2.5	Yes	Yes (bone)	WP	NA
9	Sundararajan et al[10] (2003)	67/female	Second portion of the duodenum	5.0	Yes	No	WP	NED 9 mo
10	Bucher et al[11] (2004)	31/female	Papilla of Vater	3.0	Yes	No	WP	NED 44 mo
11	Wong et al[12] (2005)	49/female	Duodenum	1.4	Yes	No	WP + RT	NED 12 mo
12	Witkiewicz et al[13] (2007)	38/female	Papilla of Vater	1.5	Yes	No	LR + WP	NA
13	Mann et al[14] (2009)	17/female	Duodenum	NA	Yes	No	WP	NED 12 mo
14	Okubo et al[15] (2010)	61/male	Papilla of Vater	3.0	Yes	No	WP	NED 6 mo
15	Saito et al[16] (2010)	28/male	Papilla of Vater	NA	Yes	No	WP	NA
16	Sandmann et al[17] (2010)	62/female	Ampulla of Vater	5.0	Yes	No	LR	NA
17	Uchida et al[18] (2010)	67/female	Second portion of the duodenum	NA	Yes	No	WP	NA
18	Rowsell et al[22] (2011)	52/female	Duodenum	1.0	Yes	Yes (liver)	LR	NED 27 mo
19	Ogata et al[19] (2011)	16/male	Ampulla of Vater	2.5	Yes	No	WP	NED 36 mo
20	Barret et al[20] (2012)	51/female	Duodenal papilla	3.5	Yes	No	WP	NED 8 yr
21	Present case	47/male	Duodenal papilla	3.0	Yes	Yes (liver and pelvic cavity)	WP + RT + CT + pelvic mass resection	Die 13 moafter initial surgery

LR: Local resection; WP: Whipple procedure; CT: Chemotherapy; RT: Radiotherapy; NA: Not available; NED: No evidence of disease.