Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus dual infection

Table 1 Selection of papers concerning the prevalence of hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus dual infection in different countries and populations

Ref., country	Study population	Cases (n)	Co-infected individuals
Tyson et al[4], United States	Anti-HCV+	102971	1.3%
Bini et al[9], United States	Anti-HCV+	1257	5.8%
Siddiqui et al[10], United States	Anti-HCV+	743	3%
Fong et al[11], United States	HBsAg+	148	11%
Chen et al[12], China	HBsAg+	712	14.47%
Li et al[13], China	HBsAg+	193	11.39%
Tsatsralt-Od et al[14], Mongolia	Children	655	1.2%
Tsatsralt-Od et al[15], Mongolia	Chronic liver disease	207	7.7%
Liaw et al[16], Taiwan	HBsAg+	1498	12%
Dai et al[17], Taiwan	HBsAg+	100	18%
Chan et al[18], Taiwan	HBsAg+	323	3.4%
Sato et al[19], Japan	HBsAg+	82	23%
Ohkawa et al[20], Japan	HBsAg+	156	12.8%
Saravanan et al[21], India	Chronic liver disease	251	5.9%
Chakravarti et al[22], India	Chronic liver disease	150	16%
Semnani et al[23], Iran	HBsAg+	139	12.3%
Murad et al[24], Yemen	Pregnant women	400	0%
Gaeta et al[25], Italy	HBsAg+	837	7%
Di Marco et al[26], Italy	HBsAg+	302	14.2%
Fattovich et al[27], Italy	HBsAg+	184	15%
Crespo et al[28], Spain	HBsAg+	132	13%
Voiculescu et al[29], Romania	Subjects asking for a medical examination	2540	0.24%

HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBsAg: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen.