Robotic surgery for rectal cancer: Current immediate clinical and oncological outcomes

Table 1 Use of robotics in rectal cancer surgery (case series, comparative, and randomized studies)

Ref.	Year	Country	Study design	Surgical technique	Number of patients	Neoadjuvant treatment	TME operation
							Anterior resection	Intersphincteric resection	Abdomino- perineal resection
Hellan et al[28]	2007	United States	Case series	Hybrid	39	33	22	11	6
Choi et al[29]	2009	Korea	Case series	Hybrid	13	NA	13
Choi et al[19]	2009	Korea	Case series	Totally robotic	50	NA	40	8	2
Ng et al[30]	2009	Singapore	Case series	Hybrid	8	NA	8
deSouza et al[31]	2010	United States	Case series	Hybrid	44	31	30	6	8
Pigazzi et al[32]	2010	United States, Italy, Korea	Case series	Hybrid	143	93	80	32	31
Baek et al[33]	2010	United States	Case series	Hybrid	64	55	34	18	12
Zimmern et al[34]	2010	United States	Case series	Hybrid	58	23	47		11
Kang et al[20]	2011	Korea	Case series	Totally robotic	269	72	265		4
				Hybrid	120		118		2
Koh et al[35]	2011	Singapore	Case series	Hybrid	19	2	18		1
Leong et al[21]	2011	Korea	Case series	Totally robotic	29	11		29
Marecik et al[36]	2011	United States	Case series	Hybrid	5	4			5
Alimoglu et al[24]	2012	Turkey	Case series	Totally robotic	7	4			7
Kang et al[37]	2012	United States	Case series	Hybrid	6	5			6
Karahasanoglu et al[38]	2012	Turkey	Case series	Hybrid	30	7	27		3
Park et al[39]	2012	United States	Case series	Hybrid	30	20	5	19	6
Du et al[40]	2013	China	Case series	Hybrid	22	NA	22
Pigazzi et al[41]	2006	United States	Comparative	Hybrid	6	2	6
Baik et al[18]	2008	Korea	Randomized	Hybrid	18	0	18
Patriti et al[42]	2009	Italy	Comparative	Hybrid	29	7	29
Baik et al[43]	2009	Korea	Comparative	Hybrid	56	5	56
Bianchi et al[22]	2010	Italy	Comparative	Totally robotic	25	13	18		7
Popescu et al[44]	2010	Romania	Comparative	Hybrid	38	NA	30	0	8
Kim et al[23]	2010	Korea	Comparative	Totally robotic	100	14	100
Park et al[45]	2010	Korea	Comparative	Hybrid	41	14	29	12
Park et al[46]	2011	Korea	Comparative	Hybrid	52	12	52
Baek et al[47]	2011	United States	Comparative	Hybrid	41	33	33	2	6
Kwak et al[48]	2011	Korea	Comparative	Hybrid	59	8	54	5
Kim et al[25]	2012	Korea	Comparative	Totally robotic	100	34	55	45
Park et al[49]	2013	Korea	Comparative	Hybrid	40	32		40
Kang et al[26]	2013	Korea	Comparative	Totally robotic	165	39	165
D’Annibale et al[27]	2013	Italy	Comparative	Totally robotic	50	34	50

TME: Total mesorectal excision; NA: Not available.