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Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 14, 2014; 20(38): 13791-13803
Published online Oct 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13791
Table 1 Serum-based tumor markers in gastric cancer
Biological categoryBiomarker (Gene name)Cutoff level /Expression levels in human GC serumClinical significanceAssociated tumor typesRef.
Oncofetal antigenCEA5 μg/LPrognosisGastrointestinal cancer[24,25]
GC progression monitoringCervix cancer
Lung cancer
Ovary cancer
Breast cancer
Urinary tract cancer
Glycoprotein antigenCA19.937 kU/LPrognosisMainly pancreatic cancer[26]
GC progressionbut also colorectal cancer
monitoringother types of gastrointestinal cancer
CA72.46 kU/LPrognosisOvary cancer[27]
GC progressionBreast cancer
monitoringColon cancer
Pancreatic cancer
CytokeratinsCyfra21.1VariablePrognosisMany types of carcinoma[29]
Some types of sarcoma
TPAVariablePrognosisCarcinoma[30]
TPSVariablePrognosisAdult epithelial tumours[30]
HormoneΒ subunit of hCG4 μg/LPrognosisSeminoma[31]
Choriocarcinoma
Germ cell tumors
Choriocarcinoma
Islet cell tumor
Testicular cancer
Cell proliferationReg IVOverexpressionPrognosisGastrointestinal malignancies[33,34]
GranulinOverexpressionPrognosisGastrointestinal malignancies[35,36]
Signaling protein14-3-3 proteinDownexpressionPrognosisEpithelial cancer[40-42]
Lung cancer
Breast cancer
Bladder cancer
Liver cancer
Oral cancer
Head-and-neck squamous cell cancer
DKK-1OverexpressionPrognosisProstate cancer[43-49]
Breast cancer
Colon cancer
Esophageal cancer
Lung cancer
Multiple myeloma (MM)
InflammatorySAAOverexpressionPrognosisLung cancer[50,52,53]
Kidney cancer
Colon cancer
Prostate cancer
Liver cancer
Cell apoptosisMG7-AgOverexpressionPrognosisGastrointestinal cancer[55,56]
EnzymePGOverexpressionPrognosisGastrointestinal cancer[57]