Review of experimental attempts of islet allotransplantation in rodents: Parameters involved and viability of the procedure

Table 6 Analysis of induction and treatment of diabetic process with islet transplantation

Ref.	Number oftransplanted islets	Diabetes induction method	Hyperglycemia induction (preoperative)	Normalization of hyperglycemia (postoperative)	Graft rejection	Criteria for primary graft dysfunction (PGD)
Fotiadis et al[9]	1812 ± 145	Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) + PBS-Solution (Phosphate Buffer Solution) - 10 mg/mL (pH 4,5);	7 d	3 d	12 d (MMF) 10 d (CsA)	Glucose above 200 mg/dL; after 2nd PO 2 consecutive times
Merani et al[10]	1500	Streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) intraperitoneal	5 d	3 d	22 d	Glucose above 324 mg/dL after 2 consecutive days
Nishimura et al[11]	2-10/dorsal skinfold chamber	-	-	-	N/A	-
Makhlouf et al[12]	350 (Balb/c) 700 (NOD)	Streptozotocin and spontaneously (225 mg/kg in peritoneal cavity)	2 wk	3 d	10 d (Balb/c)	200 mg/dL - 2 to 3 consecutive days
					5 d (NOD) and 7 d complete rejection (NOD)
Salazar-Bañuelos et al[13]	840 (of Wistar)	-	-	-	N/A1	N/A
Wee et al[14]	4000	Streptozotocin (35 mg/kg)	N/A	N/A	Untreated - 5.2 d (± 0.5)	200 mg/dL after 2 consecutive days
					TMC - 5, 1 d (± 0, 9)
					TMC (0.03 mg/kg) + CsA (5 mg/kg) - > 41 d
					TMC (0.1 mg/kg) + CsA (5 mg/kg) - 103.8 ± 56.8 d
Plesner et al[15]	550	Streptozotocin (375 mg/dL) intraperitoneal	3-5 d	5 d1	60 d	≥ 198 mg/dL after 2 consecutive days
Watanabe et al[16]	600 or 300	Streptozotocin (180 mg/kg) intraperitoneal	5-7 d	N/A	69 d (Tacrolimus)	> 350 mg/dL for 2 consecutive days
					100 d (DHMEQ 3 d and Tacrolimus 14 d)
Gysemans et al[17]	300	Alloxan (90 mg/kg)	24 h	N/A	N/A - 23%	Glucose level > 200 mg/dL more than 3 consecutive days
Xekouki et al[18]	2000	Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) diluted in phosphated solution 10 mg/mL	1 wk	N/A	7 d (MMF ´1)	-
Baker et al[19]	300	Streptozotocin (220 mg/kg)	N/A	N/A	7 d	-
Li et al[20]	400 (200/Kidney capsule)	Streptozotocin (220 mg/kg)	N/A	N/A	8.36 ± 1.67 (islets of FVB)	Glucose levels > 250 mg/dL - 2 consecutive measurements
					16.2 ± 2.52 (islets of MT)
Vieiro et al[21]	200	Streptozotocin (270 mg/kg) intraperitoneal	N/A	N/A	3-7 d	≥ 250 mg/dL - 3 consecutive measurements
Neuzillet et al[22]	550	N/A	N/A	4 h	PEG-Solution 8 kDa 27.50 ± 3.70 d; PEG PEG-Solution 20 kDa 23.13 ± 4.39 d; PEG-Solution 35 kDa 13.80 ± 3.49 d	> 199.8 mmol/L - 2 consecutive measurements
Melzi et al[23]	400	175 a 200 mg/kg intravenous	1-2 wk	5 d	29 d (mouse with Glucose levels < 450 mg/dL) and 16 d (mouse with Glucose levels > 450 mg/dL)	> 250 mg/dL - 2 consecutive measurements on postoperative
Fiorina et al[24] Fan et al[25]	NA 500	Streptozotocin	N/A N/A	N/A N/A	14 d 27 d (LT[α]R-Ig) 55 d (CTLA4-Ig) After 100 d or more (LT[β]R-Ig and CTLA4-Ig)	N/A > 300 mg/dL- after 2 consecutive days
		Streptozotocin
		(200 mg/kg)
Jung et al[26]	300 IEQ	Streptozotocin (180 mg/kg)	N/A	1 d	ROS-A - 53 d MR1 - 82 d ROS-A+MR1 - > 160 d	> 200 mg/dL - 2 consecutive measurements on the same week
Påhlman et al[27]	500-600	Alloxan	N/A	N/A	CsA - 16 d	N/A
		Intravenous			AR-C117977, 10 mg/kg - > 100 d AR-C117977, 30 mg/kg - 29, 33 d
Wang et al[28]	400	Streptozotocin (200 mg/kg)	3-4 d	3 d	B7-H4 - approximately 60 d	> 250 mg/dL after primary graft success
					Ad-LacZ - approximately > 20 d
Chen et al[29]	3000 IEQ	Streptozotocin dissolved in saline (50 mg/kg)	N/A	1 wk	13 wk (SGA - microencapsulated) 7 wk (ABa- microencapsulated) 5 wk (APA- microencapsulated)	N/A
Giraud et al[30]	1400 IEQ	Streptozotocin (250 mg/kg), intraperitoneal	N/A	N/A	SCOT + PEG - Solution 20 kDa ³10 g/L - 20 d, CMRL-1066 + 1% BSA - Solution 17.5 ± 1 d, UW-Solution - 17.2 ± 0.4 d, SCOT without PEG -14 ± 0.9 d HBSS + 0.5% BSA - Solution - 14 ± 0.7 d	> 200 mg/dL - 2 consecutive measurements
Qi et al[31]	1940 (± 39)	Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg)	7 d	N/A	N/A	N/A
Potiron et al[32]	800-1000	Streptozotocin (180 mg/kg)	1 wk	4 d	24.3 ± 9.7 d	250 mg/dL on 2 successive measurements
Jahr et al[33]	700-900	Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg)	7-10 d	Right after transplantation	1 wk	> 300 mg/dL after 8.9 ± 0.7 d

¹Rodents that had normalized blood glucose in 5 d were included in the study. N/A: Not available; IEQ: Islet equivalents.