Gene therapy in pancreatic cancer

Table 7 Clinical trials of unspecific tumor gene therapy that may involve pancreatic cancer

Phase	Clinical indication	Transgenes
II	Adenocarcinoma	CEA, TCRzeta and CD28
I	Cachexia	GHRH
I	CEA- or HER-2-expressing malignancies	HER-2, CEA
I	CEA-expressing malignancies	CEA
I/II	CEA-expressing malignancies	CAP-1 peptide from CEA
I/II	CEA-expressing malignancies	T cell receptor alpha and beta chains cDNA
I	CEA-expressing malignancies	CEA, B7.1, ICAM-1, LFA-3, GM-CSF
I	CEA-expressing malignancies	Anti-CEA-SFv-Zeta T cell receptor
I	CEA-expressing malignancies	B7.1 (CD80)
II	Advanced cancer with overexpression of p53	Anti-p53 T cell receptor
I	MUC-1- expressing tumors	MUC-1, IL-2
I	Advanced cancer	Cytochrome P450
I	Advanced cancer	Endostatin
I	Advanced cancer	Heat shock protein 70
I	Advanced cancer	T cell receptor alpha and beta chain
I	Advanced cancer	Bifunctional shRNA specific for stathmin 1 oncoprotein
I/II	Advanced cancer	GM-CSF
I	Advanced cancer	IL-12
I/II	Advanced cancer	CYP1B1
I	Advanced cancer	GM-CSF, CD154 (CD40-ligand)
I/II	Advanced cancer	IL-2
I	Advanced cancer	p53
I	Advanced cancer	AMEP
I	Advanced cancer	B7.1 (CD80) ,ICAM-1, LFA-3
I/II	Advanced cancer	Cytosine deaminase
I/II	Advanced cancer	CEA
I	Solid tumors	Tumor antigen
I	Solid tumors	Interferon-gamma
I	Solid tumors	TNF
I	Solid tumors	Brachyury oncoprotein
I	Solid tumors	Human telomerase reverse transcriptase
I/II	Solid tumors	Oncolytic virus (no transgene)
I	Solid tumors	Retinoblastoma 94
I	Solid tumors	p53
I	Solid tumors	O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)
I	Solid tumors	GM-CSF
I	Solid tumors	GM-CSF, bi-shRNA-furin
I	Solid tumors	GM-CSF, TGF-beta 2 antisense
I	Solid tumors	GM-CSF, humanized Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; IL-2: Interleukin-2; AMEP: Antiangiogenic metargidin peptide; CYP1B1: Cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 1B1; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; hTERT: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase; GHRH: Human growth hormone releasing hormone.